Odyssey Book 10 and 19 Summary

The god of winds who welcomes Odysseus and his crew, offering them hospitality and gifts.

A pouch given to Odysseus by Aeolus containing all the winds that could blow him off course, except for the west wind, which will blow him home to Ithaca.

The crew's disobedience in opening the bag of winds, releasing the winds and blowing the ship far off course.

The crew's curiosity leads to releasing the winds, causing the ship to be blown back to Aeolus' island, further delaying their journey home.

Aeolus, angered by their disobedience, believes that the gods are punishing Odysseus for some reason and refuses to offer any more help.

After being refused help by Aeolus, Odysseus and his crew are forced to continue their journey home without any further divine assistance.

Odysseus' journey is delayed by a delay in the gods helping his travel, making it more difficult to reach home.

A figure who is meant to be a guide for Odysseus to reach home after the Trojan War, but is angered at the crew's disobedience and refuses to help.

The emotional and suspenseful reunion between a disguised Odysseus and his wife Penelope after years of separation. Odysseus must convince Penelope of his true identity while navigating her cautious skepticism.

Penelope's clever test for Odysseus. She asks the beggar to describe the details of their bed, a secret known only to her and Odysseus.

In Sophocles' play, Antigone, a young woman believes in divine justice, defying the king's decree to bury her brother.

Antigone's decision to bury her brother Polyneices in defiance of King Creon's law, prioritizing the gods' laws over human ones.

Each woman made a sacrifice, in a way, becoming 'brides of Hades' by dying at a time when they would have been married.

Antigone made this ultimate sacrifice of defiance, leading to her death by entombment.

She refuses to disobey the gods' laws to honor her brother, Polyneices, even though it leads to her death.

Creon, driven by stubborn pride, decrees that Polyneices, who fought against Thebes, will be left unburied.

The journey of a female protagonist who is focused on connecting with others and achieving a goal through communication and unity.

The journey of a male protagonist who is focused on defeating an enemy or retrieving a lost object through physical force.

A Greek mythological figure who was sacrificed to appease the gods and ensure safe passage for a group.

A Greek mythological figure who was sacrificed to Artemis, the goddess of the hunt, to ensure the successful return of the Greek forces from Troy.

A play by Sophocles in which Antigone defies Creon's decree and buries her brother, Polyneices, despite the consequences, because she believes in the divine law of burying the dead.

A Greek mythological figure who defies Creon's decree and buries her brother, Polyneices, despite the consequences, because she believes in the divine law of burying the dead.

Antigone's uncle, Creon, becomes the new king of Thebes after her brothers, Eteocles and Polyneices, die in a battle for control of the city.

Creon issues a decree that Eteocles will be buried with honors, but Polyneices, who fought against Thebes, will be left unburied as punishment.

Hector's wife, loyal and devoted to him, and mother to their son, Astyanax.

Son of Atreus and Aerope, brother of Menelaus, king of Mycenae, and husband to Clytemnestra. He sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia to appease Artemis and gain favorable winds to sail to Troy.

Son of Telamon, known for his great strength and fierce warrior spirit, but driven to madness by Athena after he was denied Achilles' armor.

Famed Greek hero, known for his intelligence and cunning strategies, and his role in the Trojan War.

Wife of Odysseus, known for her patience, perseverance, and faithfulness. Despite the suitors who try to marry her, she waits for Odysseus’s return.

Son of Priam and Hecuba, the fiercest warrior of Troy, and husband to Andromache.

The daughter of Zeus and Leda, known for her beauty, and her abduction by Paris sparked the Trojan War.

The son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, who is born during the Trojan War and later seeks revenge for his father's murder.

The wife of Agamemnon, known for her vengeance and the murder of her husband.

Daughter of Telamon. Captured as a war prize by Ajax, she fell in love with him and remained loyal to him even after his madness.

Clytemnestra is a character from Greek mythology. Her husband, Agamemnon, sacrificed their daughter Iphigenia, and Clytemnestra killed him in revenge. This led to a curse throughout her family, the House of Atreus, leading to ongoing violence, betrayal, and revenge.

Procne is a character from Greek mythology, betrayed by her husband Tereus, who rapes her sister Philomela and cuts her tongue out. She is told of the betrayal through a tapestry and seeks revenge, killing her son, Itys, and feeding him to her husband before leaving.

Hecuba is a character from Greek mythology, the wife of King Priam. During the Trojan War, she witnesses multiple tragedies. Her son Hector was killed by Achilles, her city destroyed, and she is taken captive by the Greeks. Her other son is killed, leading to a murderous revenge against Polymestor. This loss of humanity turns her into a dog or wolf, symbolizing her devastation.

Madea is a powerful sorceress and character from Greek mythology who is exiled. She seeks revenge on her former lover, Jason, and his new wife, Creon. She devises a plan to kill Creon and his daughter, Medea's sons, as well as Jason. Her revenge is fueled by betrayal and jealousy, which leads to tragedy and the deaths of her own children. She then escapes to Athens to seek refuge and start a new life.

Achilles was the son of Peleus and Thetis, a prominent Greek hero in the Trojan War. His skills in battle were unmatched, but he was angered for the loss of his war prize, Briseis, due to a dispute with Agamemnon. His withdrawal from battle greatly affected the Greeks, leading to them facing heavy losses. In the end, his death was a major turning point for the Trojan War.

Menelaus, the brother of Agamemnon, is a character from Greek mythology. He's married to Helen, who was abducted to Troy by Paris, leading to the start of the Trojan War. He plays a key role in the siege of Troy and seeks revenge on Paris for taking his wife.

Priam is a character from Greek mythology. He is the King of Troy, father of Hector, Paris, Cassandra, and Polites. He is a wise and compassionate ruler who ultimately experiences great tragedies due to the war. He sees the loss of his sons and the destruction of Troy.

The House of Atreus is a family central to many Greek myths. Each generation experiences violence, betrayal, and revenge. The cycle of violence starts with the usurpation of the throne by Atreus from his brother Thyestes. This violence continues to unfold throughout the generations, impacting figures like Agamemnon, Clytemnestra, and Orestes.