Ocular Immune System Quiz

A type of immune response characterized by the production of certain cytokines like IL-4 and IL-5. It is often associated with allergic reactions and parasitic infections.

A type of immune response characterized by the production of cytokines like IFN-gamma and IL-2. It is often associated with intracellular infections and autoimmune diseases.

A condition affecting the conjunctiva characterized by a predominantly TH2 immune response, involving mast cells and eosinophils.

A condition affecting the conjunctiva characterized by a predominantly TH1 immune response, involving increased T cell activity and cytokine production.

The clear, outer layer of the eye that helps to focus light.

A type of immune cell found in the skin and mucous membranes that plays a role in presenting antigens to other immune cells.

The outermost rim of the cornea where it joins the conjunctiva. It's a rich source of immune cells.

An inflammatory condition of the cornea that can cause scarring and vision loss.

The conjunctiva's lateral part drains to the preauricular lymph nodes, while the nasal part drains to the submental lymph nodes.

B cells, T cells, PMNs, eosinophils, and mast cells are all present in the sub-epithelial layer of the conjunctiva.

Tear film protects the ocular surface through mechanical barriers, washing action, immune cells, and antibacterial proteins.

Tear film contains antibodies like sIgA, IgG, and IgE, as well as antibacterial proteins like lysozyme, lactoferrin, and complement.

Ceruloplasmin plays a role in removing free radicals, while complement involves several factors and leads to cell lysis.

sIgA is an antibody found in the tear film that neutralizes viruses and prevents bacterial adherence to the ocular surface.

Blepharitis is a common condition characterized by inflammation around the eyelashes, meibomian glands, and tarsal conjunctiva.

The exact antigens involved in blepharitis are not fully understood but may be related to bacteria like staphylococci.

These junctions form a barrier that restricts the passage of blood-borne molecules and cells from entering the eye. This helps protect the eye from infection and inflammation.

These junctions form a barrier between the outer eye and the inner eye, preventing the passage of molecules and cells.

The eye lacks lymphatic vessels, which normally transport immune cells and antigens to lymph nodes. Instead, the aqueous humor drains into the venous system.

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the eye are responsible for capturing foreign antigens and presenting them to other immune cells. This initiates an ocular immune response.

The conjunctiva is part of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). This means it has structures that help fight infections.

Langerhans cells are specialized immune cells that reside in the conjunctiva. They capture antigens and present them to other immune cells.

The cornea's temperature is slightly elevated, which inhibits the growth of certain microbes. Blinking helps remove foreign antigens, and tears provide further irrigation.

The intact corneal epithelium forms a barrier that prevents the entry of pathogens. This is an important first-line defense.

The body's natural defense system, including cells and molecules that work to protect against infection and disease.

The first line of defense, characterized by a rapid response and non-specific targeting of pathogens.

A type of uveitis (inflammation of the uvea) that specifically affects the choroid, retina, and scleral tissue.

The second line of defense, characterized by a slower response but highly specific recognition of pathogens.

A condition characterized by inflammation in the uvea, which can affect the choroid, retina, and scleral tissue. It can be caused by various factors, including systemic diseases like sarcoidosis and Behçet's disease.

A type of uveitis that is characterized by inflammation in the choroid, retina, and scleral tissue. It can be caused by systemic diseases, such as sarcoidosis and Behçet's disease.

A type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the adaptive immune system by recognizing and attacking specific pathogens.

An inflammatory condition of the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye, often caused by immune system dysfunction.

A rare, chronic inflammatory condition of the eye that affects the choroid, retina, and ciliary body. It's often associated with systemic diseases like sarcoidosis.

A chronic autoimmune disease that affects the muscles, causing weakness and fatigue.

Immune system cells, like dendritic cells, are closely linked to the development of drusen, small deposits that build up in the retina with age.

An eye disease that causes inflammation, redness, and dry eyes. It is often associated with autoimmune disorders.

An immune response in the retina caused by exposure to retinal antigens, often seen in conditions like retinitis pigmentosa and after laser surgery.

Chronic inflammatory eye condition characterized by the breakdown and death of retinal cells, resulting in vision loss. It's often associated with retinal antigen sensitization.

A condition characterized by inflammation of the thyroid gland, which can lead to eye problems such as bulging eyeballs and double vision.

Antibodies to tumor antigens (proteins) can sometimes cross-react with retinal proteins, leading to vision problems. This occurs in conditions like CAR, MAR, and other retinopathies.

A type of immune response where the immune system targets the body's own tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. This is often associated with conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.