Ocular and Adnexal Injuries Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is ocular trauma?

Injury due to aging

Injury to the eye by external means (correct)

Injury caused by internal factors

Injury resulting from genetics

What are common causes of eye injuries?

Infections and allergies

Nutritional deficiencies

Chronic diseases

RTA and industrialization (correct)

What percentage of patients seen in ophthalmology have ocular trauma-related issues?

15%

10%

5% (correct)

20%

Why are eyes considered well-protected based on the text?

They have natural defense mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What is a leading consequence of ocular trauma according to the text?

Visual impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible outcome of iridodialysis?

Detachment of the iris from its root at the ciliary body Signup and view all the answers

What is a common occurrence in closed-globe injury related to sphincteric rupture?

Rupture of the pupillary margin Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Vossius ring related to traumatic cataracts?

Circular ring of brown pigment on the anterior capsule Signup and view all the answers

What might occur due to partial or complete disruption of zonules in lens injuries?

Subluxation/ Dislocation Signup and view all the answers

What is a common change associated with vitreous according to the text?

Anterior or posterior detachment Signup and view all the answers

What type of retinal edema involves diffuse retinal edema according to the text?

Commotio retinae Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is excited by pure copper, zinc, nickel, and mercury particles?

Suppurative reaction Signup and view all the answers

In penetrating/perforating eye injuries, what should be done with small shelving/self-sealing lacerations with formed anterior chamber (AC)?

May heal spontaneously Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for corneo-scleral laceration with lens damage?

Suturing the laceration and lens extraction/washout Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should IOFB be removed according to the text?

Always be removed Signup and view all the answers

Which material causes specific reactions like Siderosis bulbi and Chalcosis as mentioned in the text?

Iron and copper alloys Signup and view all the answers

What imaging techniques are used for localizing Intraocular Foreign Bodies (IOFB) according to the text?

USS Plain xrays +/- special techniques Signup and view all the answers

What ocular lesion may develop after exposure to ultraviolet radiations?

Senile cataract Signup and view all the answers

What is a common source of ultraviolet radiations that can lead to photo-ophthalmia?

Welding arcs Signup and view all the answers

Which imaging technique is NOT recommended for initial assessment in ocular injuries management?

MRI Signup and view all the answers

Which type of radiation injury may cause 'electric cataract' after a few months?

Ionizing radiation Signup and view all the answers

What is a preventive measure for ultraviolet radiation-induced ocular lesions?

Regular glass lenses Signup and view all the answers

Which ocular complication may result from ionizing radiation exposure during radiotherapy?

'Electric cataract' Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a penetrating eye injury?

It results in two full-thickness wounds of the eye wall Signup and view all the answers

In blunt eye injuries, what is the recommended treatment for lacerations?

Suturing with or without uveal tissue repositing/abscision Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of an orbital blowout fracture?

It involves sudden proptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of eye injury is considered a serious emergency?

Perforating injuries with two full-thickness wounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate treatment for inflamed eyes in the context of blunt eye injuries?

Cycloplegic therapy and topical steroid Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of retobulbar haemorrhage leading to sudden proptosis?

Trauma by sharp and pointed instruments Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ocular Trauma

Ocular trauma encompasses injuries that affect the eye.
Eye injuries represent a significant portion of ophthalmological cases, with approximately 10% of patients presenting with trauma-related issues.
Eyes are well-protected due to their position within the orbit and surrounding bony structures.
A leading consequence of ocular trauma is vision loss.

Types of Ocular Trauma

Closed-globe injury: This involves trauma to the eye without penetration of the globe.
- Sphincteric rupture is common, resulting in an irregular pupil.
- Iridodialysis, the detachment of the iris from its attachment, can happen.
- Vossius ring, a characteristic feature of traumatic cataracts, comprises an iris pigment deposition on the anterior lens capsule.
- Lens injuries can lead to subluxation or dislocation due to zonular disruption.
Penetrating/perforating eye injuries: These involve penetration of the globe with a foreign object.
- Vitreous hemorrhage is a frequent occurrence due to the delicate nature of the vitreous body.
- Retinal edema may be observed, with diffuse retinal edema being a specific type.

Foreign Bodies and Specific Reactions

Copper, zinc, nickel, and mercury particles induce inflammatory reactions.
Siderosis bulbi and Chalcosis are specific reactions caused by metallic foreign bodies, particularly iron and copper, respectively.

Management of Ocular Trauma

Penetrating/perforating eye injuries:
- Small self-sealing lacerations with a formed anterior chamber can be treated with observation.
Corneo-scleral laceration with lens damage: Requires surgical repair to address the laceration and lens fragments.
Intraocular Foreign Bodies (IOFB): IOFB removal is recommended if they pose a risk of infection or inflammation.
Imaging for IOFB:
- Radiography, ultrasonography, and computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly employed to localize IOFB.
Ultraviolet radiation exposure:
- Photo-ophthalmia is an ocular lesion that can develop after exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
- Sunlight, welding arcs, and tanning beds can be sources of ultraviolet radiation.
Ionizing radiation exposure:
- Radiation retinopathy is a possible complication of radiotherapy.

Other Considerations

Ultrasound imaging should be used cautiously during initial assessment of ocular injuries.
Electric cataract can occur months after electrical radiation injury.
Protective eyewear is crucial for preventing ultraviolet radiation-induced ocular lesions.
Blunt eye injuries:
- Lacerations are typically treated with conservative management, including antibiotics and cold compresses.
- Orbital blowout fractures are caused by pressure from a blunt force, resulting in the "blowing out" of the orbital walls.
Retinal detachment:
- A serious emergency condition.
Inflamed eyes:
- Inflammation can be managed with topical antibiotics and corticosteroids.
Reterobulbar haemorrhage:
- Sudden proptosis can occur due to retrobulbar haemorrhage, primarily caused by trauma to the eye or surrounding structures.

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Description

Test your knowledge on ocular and adnexal injuries, including the Ocular Trauma Score and principles of management. This quiz covers mechanical and non-mechanical injuries related to the eye.