Oceanography and Ocean Waves

<p>Wind friction on the water's surface. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crest and trough. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A gradual and gentle slope. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden displacements of large volumes of water, like from earthquakes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short wavelengths and sizes dependent on wind strength. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mature, long-period waves originating from distant storms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gravitational forces of the moon and sun. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in temperature and salinity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Troposphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen and Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ozone Layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase in particle velocity due to temperature rise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smog formation and respiratory issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As frequency increases, wavelength decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rapid displacement of the seafloor, often due to earthquakes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, and Water Vapor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wind patterns across the ocean surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes gyres to rotate clockwise. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Density. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrients from deeper waters, supporting plankton growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A deeper thermocline reduces upwelling effectiveness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>El Nino suppresses upwelling, reducing nutrient availability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface winds and the Coriolis effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trade Winds. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent structural damage due to material expansion and contraction with temperature changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The heat increases the kinetic energy of the lid molecules, causing the metal lid to expand more than the glass jar. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The diameter of the hole increases at the same rate as the expansion of the disc itself. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They expand and contract predictably and visibly with changes in temperature. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible, Infrared, Ultraviolet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m²) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of the oceans, encompassing their physical, chemical, biological, and geological aspects.

The up-and-down movement of energy through water, typically caused by wind.

The highest point of a wave.

The lowest point of a wave.

Groups of waves that travel together toward the shore.

Waves that break onto a gently sloping shoreline, creating a smooth and rolling wave.

Waves that break onto a steep shoreline, creating a powerful and turbulent wave.

Giant waves caused by sudden disturbances like earthquakes or underwater volcanic eruptions.

The most common type of waves, caused by the friction of wind on the water's surface.

Large, mature waves that travel through the ocean, often caused by storms.

The number of wave cycles occurring per second.

The distance between two consecutive wave crests or troughs.

The distance between the midline of a wave and its crest or trough.

The time it takes for one complete wave cycle to pass a fixed point.

Large-scale movements of water in the ocean spanning the globe.

Ocean currents primarily driven by wind.

Ocean currents primarily driven by density differences due to temperature and salinity.

The deflection of moving objects, including ocean currents, due to Earth's rotation.

The continuous movement of ocean water from the equator to the poles and back, driven by temperature and salinity differences.

The upward movement of deep ocean water to the surface, driven by wind and the Coriolis effect.

The process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce energy, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

A layer of oxygen ions in the stratosphere that protects life from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, where weather occurs and life exists.

The layer of the atmosphere where most commercial jets fly, containing the ozone layer.

A layer of the atmosphere that burns up most meteors, also known as the 'cold layer'.

The outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere, merging with outer space, where most satellites orbit.

The layer of Earth's atmosphere where the aurora borealis and australis occur.

A gaseous molecule with the composition O3 (three oxygen atoms) that protects life from UV radiation.

Chemicals that were once used in refrigerators and aerosols but were found to destroy ozone in the stratosphere.

The change in the size or shape of a substance due to a change in temperature.

Materials like metals, concrete, and composites expand and contract with temperature changes.

The process by which the volume of a gas increases when heated.

The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

The transfer of heat through direct contact between substances.

The transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, like liquids or gases.

The transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum.

A material that conducts heat well, such as metals.

A material that resists the flow of heat, such as wood or plastic.

The minimum heat absorbed by a substance before a unit change in its temperature is observed.