Podcast
Questions and Answers
Approximately what percentage of Earth's water is estimated to be saltwater found in oceans?
Approximately what percentage of Earth's water is estimated to be saltwater found in oceans?
- 3%
- 97% (correct)
- 71%
- 50%
What is the primary process by which salt originates and is transported to the oceans?
What is the primary process by which salt originates and is transported to the oceans?
- Weathering and erosion of rocks on land, followed by river transport. (correct)
- Chemical reactions between seawater and volcanic rocks on the ocean floor.
- Direct deposition from atmospheric salt particles.
- Salt precipitation from hydrothermal vents in the deep ocean.
Why does the concentration of salt in ocean water increase over time?
Why does the concentration of salt in ocean water increase over time?
- Evaporation of water from the ocean surface leaves salts behind, increasing their concentration. (correct)
- Biological activity of marine organisms releases salt as a metabolic byproduct.
- Salt is continuously added from underwater volcanic eruptions at a faster rate than removal.
- The freezing process in polar regions extracts freshwater, concentrating the salt in the remaining liquid.
Besides sodium chloride (table salt), which of the following is also a significant chemical component found in ocean water?
Besides sodium chloride (table salt), which of the following is also a significant chemical component found in ocean water?
How can nitrogen-containing fertilizer runoff from agricultural fields negatively impact ocean ecosystems?
How can nitrogen-containing fertilizer runoff from agricultural fields negatively impact ocean ecosystems?
What is the primary role of oceans in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
What is the primary role of oceans in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide levels?
How does ocean water temperature generally change as latitude increases from the equator towards the poles?
How does ocean water temperature generally change as latitude increases from the equator towards the poles?
Which property of ocean water is most responsible for its ability to absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change?
Which property of ocean water is most responsible for its ability to absorb and release large amounts of heat with minimal temperature change?
What is the effect of increased salinity on the freezing point of ocean water?
What is the effect of increased salinity on the freezing point of ocean water?
Which combination of temperature and salinity would result in the densest ocean water?
Which combination of temperature and salinity would result in the densest ocean water?
Flashcards
Salinity
Salinity
The amount of dissolved salt in water.
Chemical makeup of ocean water
Chemical makeup of ocean water
Ocean water is made mostly of sodium chloride, which is common table salt. Other chemicals include magnesium, sulfate, calcium, and potassium.
Ocean water layers
Ocean water layers
Ocean water is layered with denser water sinking and less dense water floating.
Ocean water evaporation
Ocean water evaporation
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Nitrogen pollution
Nitrogen pollution
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Oceans as carbon sinks
Oceans as carbon sinks
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Ocean water temperature
Ocean water temperature
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Freezing point of ocean water
Freezing point of ocean water
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Ocean water density
Ocean water density
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Study Notes
Ocean Water Properties
- Ocean water covers about 97% of Earth's water.
- It is salty due to dissolved salts, primarily sodium chloride (common table salt), carried from land by rain and rivers.
- Underwater volcanoes also contribute dissolved minerals.
- Salt concentration increases as surface water evaporates.
- Ocean water also contains other chemicals including magnesium, sulfate, calcium, and potassium.
- Ocean water contains dissolved gases like nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
- Excess nitrogen from fertilizers can cause excessive plant growth, depleting oxygen and harming other marine life.
- Oceans absorb and store carbon dioxide (CO2), acting as carbon sinks, and helping regulate global climate.
Ocean Water Temperature
- Ocean temperatures are highest at the equator and decrease towards the poles.
- Ocean water has a high heat capacity, meaning it takes longer to heat and cool compared to air.
- This high heat capacity regulates global temperatures.
- Ocean water freezes at a lower temperature (about 28°F) than freshwater (32°F). This is because salinity lowers the freezing point.
Ocean Water Density
- Ocean water density is affected by temperature and salinity.
- Higher salinity and lower temperatures increase density.
- Dense water sinks, forming layers in the ocean.
- Cold, salty water is the densest and sinks to the bottom.
- Less dense water (warmer, less salty) floats on top.
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