Ocean Floor Exploration Programs

What was the primary advancement of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) compared to the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)?

The term 'JOIDES' in the context of ocean drilling refers to:

What is the key characteristic that distinguishes active continental margins from passive continental margins?

If a scientist is studying a subduction zone along a continental margin, which specific term would they most likely use to describe this feature?

Which of the following statements best describes the composition and characteristics of the continental shelf?

What geological feature lies beyond the continental slope in the general topography of a passive continental margin?

How do turbidity currents contribute to the formation of both submarine canyons and the continental rise?

What evidence initially suggested to scientists that submarine canyons are carved out by turbidity currents rather than rivers?

How does the composition of biogenic sedimentary rock on the ocean floor primarily form, based on the information?

How does the thickness of sediment covering the mountains in the ocean basins (abyssal plains) relate to their distance from oceanic ridges?

Which of the following best describes the progression in the degradation and aging of mountains from oceanic ridges to continents?

What is the primary force driving turbidity currents down the continental slope?

Why are the ocean basins (abyssal plains) described as both the flattest and yet also covered with thousands of mountains?

The International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP), formerly the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, has the capability to drill how far below the ocean floor?

What role did the United States Navy play in the development of the Theory of Plate Tectonics and subsequent ocean exploration?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the continental rise?

If a newly discovered mountain on the abyssal plain is found to have a flat top, what type of mountain is it most likely to be called?

Harry Hess contributed to the study of ocean floor topography. How did his work relate to the naming of guyots?

The telegraph cables laid on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean in the 1850s had what impact on global communications?

What is the relationship between the age of rock and sediment thickness in the ocean basins (abyssal plains)?

Which of these geological terms aligns with the meaning of 'edge'?

What type of ocean life would primarily influence the composition of biogenic sedimentary rock found directly beneath them on the ocean floor?

Given the relationship between turbidity currents and submarine canyons, what would be a logical prediction about the location of a submarine canyon?

If a geologist finds a rock sample from a continental shelf, what type of rock is it most likely to be, and what does this indicate about the shelf's origin?

Which geological feature is typically found at the edges of tectonic plates within ocean basins?

What distinguishes an oceanic trench from a continental trench in oceanography?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of turbidity currents?

What does the presence of a transform fault along a continental margin indicate about that margin?

To what extent does river water contribute to the formation of submarine canyons?

What does the adjective 'turbid' mean in the context of turbidity currents?

How did the shape of submarine canyons reveal that they were built from the ocean toward the continent?

Which location can be considered a passive Continental Margin?

Which submarine mountains is closest to the continent?

What builds the Passive Continental Margin?

Submarine canyons are actually carved out by what?

What are the tallest mountains in the ocean?

What is another name for Ocean Basins?

What is a mixture of rocks, sediments, mud, and water pulled downward by gravity?

Where is the Continental Rise located?

What are Oceanic-Oceanic subduction zones called?

What fundamental theory of geology was directly influenced by research conducted by the United States Navy after World War II?

The Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) could drill more than two kilometers deeper than the ocean floor.

What is the acronym JOIDES short for?

The mission that replaced the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) in 2003 was called the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (_____).

Match the following drilling programs with their capabilities:

What term defines the edge of a continent where it meets the ocean?

Passive continental margins are characterized by a high abundance of geologic activity.

What are the two types of geologic activity that cause the abundance of earthquakes at active continental margins?

In oceanography, the term 'trench' is another word for a(n) ______ zone.

Match the following coastlines with their type of continental margin:

Which part of the continent extends into the ocean, and is considered part of the continent itself?

The continental shelf is primarily composed of mafic igneous rock.

What is the name for the largest, flattest parts of the surface of the Earth?

The seabed that steepens to deeper depths beyond the continental shelf is called the continental ______.

Match the following features of a passive continental margin with their descriptions:

Which of the following is responsible for carving out submarine canyons?

Submarine canyons are primarily carved out by rivers carrying water from the continent to the ocean.

What is a turbidity current?

The disruption of transatlantic ______ cables in the early twentieth century provided historical evidence that submarine canyons are caused by turbidity currents.

Match the following terms with their descriptions:

What geological feature is formed by the accumulation of rocks and sediments at the base of the continental slope due to repeated turbidity currents?

Deep sea fans are formed by continental landslides on land.

What is another name for deep sea fans?

Each accumulation of rocks and sediments that compose the continental rise is called a deep sea fan or a ______ fan.

Match the location with the description of where similar geological processes occur:

Which of the following mountains is generally found closest to the oceanic ridge?

Tablemounts, also known as guyots, are formed by volcanic activity on the continents.

What is the name of the flat-roofed building at Princeton University that inspired the name for guyots?

The seamounts, tablemounts (guyots), and abyssal hills (seaknolls) provide strong evidence for the Theory of Plate _____.

Match the mountain types found in the ocean basins with their relative age:

What covers all of the mountains on the ocean basins (abyssal plains)?

The sediment covering the abyssal hills (seaknolls) is thinnest because they are the tallest mountains.

Which is the oldest type of rock, rocks from seamounts, tablemounts, or abyssal hills?

The thickest sediment covers the shortest abyssal hills (_____), while the thinnest sediment covers the tallest seamounts.

Match the mountain type with the general thickness of sediment:

What type of sedimentary rock primarily makes up the covering of ocean basins (abyssal plains)?

The composition of biogenic sedimentary rock on the ocean floor has nothing to do with the composition of microorganisms found near the surface.

What is the primary way microscopic marine life contributes to the formation of biogenic sedimentary rock on the ocean floor?

If we were able to walk upon the ocean floor, we would be walking upon biogenic sedimentary rock that has been lithified from layer upon layer upon layer of heavy, hard, dense ______.

Match the process with the description that explains the origins of ocean floor composition: