Occupational Safety and Accident Analysis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of Systems Hazard Analysis (SHA)?

  • To evaluate the overall success of a system.
  • To establish safe operational limits in a system.
  • To conduct interviews about hazardous conditions.
  • To identify physical and functional incompatibilities. (correct)

    • In the context of Reliability, what is the formula used for calculating Series Reliability?

  • $R_{system} = R_1 × R_2 + R_3$
  • $R = R_1 × R_2 × ... × R_n$ (correct)
  • $R = R_1 + R_2 + ... + R_n$
  • $R_{system} = 1 - (1 - R_1)(1 - R_2)...(1 - R_n)$

    • According to Heinrich's Domino Theory, what percentage of accidents are attributed to unsafe acts?

  • 10%
  • 75%
  • 2%
  • 88% (correct)

    • What does the Cause & Effect Diagram (Fishbone or Ishikawa) primarily help to identify?

    <p>The influencing factors leading to a specific outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key premise of the Multiple Cause Theory in accident analysis?

    <p>Accidents result from random interactions of multiple actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the primary focus of System Causation Theory in the workplace?

    <p>Fixing the safety management system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is NOT part of the seven-step process for accident investigation?

    <p>Developing safety protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is at least two competent persons required to investigate an accident?

    <p>To eliminate any potential bias in the investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the OSHA Form 300 primarily focus on?

    <p>Classifying work-related injuries and illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between recordable cases and compensable cases in workers' compensation?

    <p>Recordable cases are sometimes not compensable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should employers determine regarding an injury or illness in the workplace?

    <p>If the workplace conditions contributed to the condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of an accident investigation?

    <p>To determine the facts surrounding the accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions must employees take regarding safety and health at the workplace?

    <p>Wear required safety gear consistently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of priorities for OSHA inspections?

    <p>Imminent danger situations, catastrophes and fatal accidents, programmed high-hazard inspections.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the event of an OSHA citation, how long must employers post the citation?

    <p>For 3 days or until the violation is remedied, whichever is longer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Job Safety Analysis (JSA) aim to achieve?

    <p>Break a job into steps and identify hazards for each step.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the term 'foreseeability' in the context of misuse?

    <p>It determines whether misuse could be reasonably anticipated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which records are employers required to keep under OSHA regulations?

    <p>Records of work-related fatalities, injuries, and illnesses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an obligation of the employer during an OSHA inspection?

    <p>Arrange for the inspection to occur at the employee's convenience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which strategy can manufacturers use to minimize liability?

    <p>Defend in areas such as design and packaging.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major aspect of Gross Hazard Analysis?

    <p>It assists at the early stages of accident investigation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Preliminary Hazard Analysis (PHA)?

    <p>To identify potentially hazardous components during the design phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hazard analysis method uses a deductive 'top-down' technique?

    <p>Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) approach identify risks?

    <p>By analyzing management and operational inadequacies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the aim of Systems Hazard Analysis (SHA)?

    <p>To identify physical and functional incompatibilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method primarily employs a logic tree for risk identification?

    <p>Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In event tree analysis, what begins the analysis process?

    <p>An initiating event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'parallel reliability'?

    <p>System functions even when one component fails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered in Fishbone analysis?

    <p>Material Safety Data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the '3 E's of safety' encompass?

    <p>Engineering, Education, Enforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for calculating series reliability?

    <p>$R = R1 \times R2 \times ... \times Rn$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of Series Reliability in a system?

    <p>The failure of any component leads to the failure of the entire system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is primarily used to identify design deviations during the design stage?

    <p>HAZOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In probability analysis of machine defects, which machine produces the highest probability of defect?

    <p>Machine C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental premise of the Multiple Cause Theory in accident analysis?

    <p>Accidents result from a series of random events that interact to cause the accident.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Management Oversight and Risk Tree (MORT) aim to identify?

    <p>The total risk inherent in a system due to operational failures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Likert scale typically measure?

    <p>Attitude preference and subjective reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Parallel Reliability in a system?

    <p>The system can withstand component failures while still functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of failure impact indicates the least severity?

    <p>Negligible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of reliability, what do the letters in the equation $R_{system} = 1 - {(1 - R_1)(1 - R_2)...(1 - R_n)}$ signify?

    <p>Reliability coefficients of individual components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Types of Bodily Reactions

    • Bodily reactions can be caused by stress from body movement or unnatural positions
    • Overexposure to harmful energy or substances can lead to injury
    • System Causation Theory focuses on fixing the system, not assigning blame

    Accident Investigation

    • Accident investigations aim to determine facts, not assign blame
    • A seven-step process is used, but not detailed here
    • Competent personnel, proper training, and addressing root causes are crucial characteristics

    Accident Investigation Characteristics

    • At least two people with the right training should investigate accidents
    • Investigations should identify the causes of accidents
    • Reports should suggest corrections for hazardous workplace conditions

    OSHA Recordkeeping

    • OSHA Form 300 categorizes work-related injuries and illnesses.
    • OSHA recordkeeping collects, analyzes, and maintains national data related to worker injuries

    Workers' Compensation

    • Workers' compensation provides medical coverage and compensation for work-related injuries resulting in death or disability.
    • Recordable vs compensable cases are not always in agreement

    Injury and Illness Reporting

    • Injuries and illnesses are work-related if work environment causes or aggravates pre-existing issues
    • Employers must determine if workplace conditions caused, contributed to or aggravated an injury or illness

    Safety Culture

    • Safety culture is a combination of an organization's values, behaviors and attitudes in relation to safety
    • Includes organizational values and a general way of doing safety

    Management Styles

    • Directive Democrat: supervisors provide direction, but workers participate in the decision-making
    • Directive Autocrat: supervisors make decisions without worker input.
    • Permissive Democrat: supervisors offer little direction, letting workers make many decisions independently

    Accident Theories

    • Heinrich's Domino Theory details a chain of events leading to accidents.
    • Heinrich's theory states that 88% of accidents are caused by unsafe acts, 10% by unsafe conditions, and 2% by unavoidable issues
    • Multiple Cause Theory - accidents result from multiple contributing factors

    Health and Safety Program Audits

    • Audits use document review, employee interviews, and observing site conditions for program effectiveness
    • Effective programs include management commitment, employee involvement, hazard identification, prevention and worker training

    ANSI Standards

    • ANSI standards are developed considering the stakeholders impacted
    • Standards are organized in seven sections

    Employee Rights and Responsibilities

    • Employee access to medical and exposure records is a right
    • Employees are responsible for reading OSHA posters and following safety rules
    • Employees should report hazardous conditions if employers fail to resolve them

    OSHA Inspections

    • Employers are informed of the reason for the inspection
    • OSHA officer accompaniment during inspections is standard practice
    • Inspections prioritize imminent danger situations

    OSHA Citations

    • Citations are sent via certified mail
    • Employers must post citations for specified periods, until the violations are corrected

    Liability and Records

    • Manufacturers and sellers can lessen liability by appropriate product design and prevention procedures
    • Maintaining records of product issues, training, exposure, and equipment maintenance is important

    Job Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment

    • JSA analyzes each work step for hazards, prescribing corrective actions
    • Hazard Analysis is an initial, high level assessment of risks
    • Risk assessment often looks at the frequency and severity of hazards

    Probability and Statistics

    • Series and parallel reliability calculations analyze system failure probabilities
    • Reliability of a system depends on the reliability of its individual components

    Human Behavior and Error

    • Human factors, like inexperience, are considered in accident analysis
    • Workers' behavior can contribute to accident occurrences

    Span of Control

    • Supervisor to employee ratios should be appropriately balanced to support better workplace safety
    • Recommendations include one supervisor for every five direct reportees

    Classifying Failure Impacts

    • Catastrophic, critical, marginal and negligible are classifications for assessing failure impact

    Health And Safety Performance

    • Implementing the SMART strategy can help create achievable goals, effective performance measures and track progress
    • This strategy includes elements such as: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound

    OSHA Overview

    • OSHA responsibilities include encouraging safety, and conducting safety research, helping with safety problems, and implementing and enforcing safety standards

    Coverage Under The OSH Act

    • OSHA regulations cover all private sector employers with one or more workers in all US States and US Territories

    OSHA Rules and Regulations

    • OSHA compliance is required in certain situations to prevent injury and liability
    • Vertical and horizontal industries are regulated in different ways

    Employer Rights And Responsibilities

    • It is the employer's responsibility to ensure compliance with safety standards, and to minimize workplace hazards
    • Employers must inform employees of potential risks and hazards

    OSHA Recordkeeping System

    • The OSHA Form 300 is used to classify work-related injuries and illnesses
    • OSHA records are used as a means of compiling nationwide data on worker injuries.

    Workers' Compensation

    • Workers' compensation provides medical and financial support for workers injured at work
    • Different states have varying coverage limitations on workers' compensation

    Behavior Theory (Behavior-Based Safety)

    • A method for improving worker safety behaviors through intervention, identification of factors, and motivation

    Cost-Benefit Analysis

    • Used to determine the return on investment of a safety program
    • ROI is a measure of the profitability of an investment, calculated by dividing the total return by the total investment

    Insurance and Liability

    • Insurance policies differ in their coverage, such as private insurance or self-insured plans
    • Premiums are based on different payroll models

    Charts and Graphs

    • PERT charts visually display project tasks and relationships, identifying critical paths for improved time management

    Hazard Analysis Techniques

    • Hazard Analysis techniques include specific methods like PHA, HAZOP, FHA, What-If and MORT to identify potential hazards

    System Analysis Techniques

    • Techniques like SHA, CIT, ETA, and Fishbone Diagrams detail how factors interact in systems, enabling identification of root causes

    Safety Management

    • Safety management is a critical process for all work environments, including management responsibility and worker involvement.

    Accident Analysis

    • Domino theory identifies a sequence of events contributing to an accident
    • Multiple cause theory proposes that many factors contribute to accidents, potentially related or unrelated to each other

    Classification and Measurement

    • Likert scales and Impact classifications categorize and quantify safety incidents

    Epidemiological Theory

    • Epidemiological theory examines the connection between diseases and environmental factors in the workplace

    William Haddon's Energy Theory

    • The transfer of energy plays a role in accident occurrence and injury severity/rate

    Multiple Factor Theories

    • Identifying different contributing issues in accident occurrences such as human error, machinery, environment and management
    • Examples include, but are not limited to, human error, machinery issues, environmental circumstances and overall management failures

    Management Styles

    • Different styles of management for worker engagement and safety management include directive autocrat and directive democrat

    OSHA Regulations

    • Compliance with OSHA regulations is necessary to follow all safety standards and prevent workplace issues

    Safety Culture

    • OSHA's definition of culture encompasses organizational attitudes, behaviors, values and principles

    Workers' Compensation

    • The intent of workers compensation is to compensate for injuries

    Hazard Analysis

    • JSA, HAZOP, and PHA are several methods to analyze hazard occurrences

    Third-Party Lawsuits

    • Employees may sue producers, manufactures or other third parties if an incident occurs during the workplace activities
    • This is because the third parties may have caused the incident or were negligently involved in the incident

    Theories of Liability

    • Different legal principles determine responsibility for resulting injuries or illnesses
    • Theories include warranty, negligence and strict liability

    Reducing Liability Risks

    • Steps manufacturers and sellers may take to reduce liability involve careful product design, safety warnings and regular maintenance

    Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

    • A precise method to assess and analyze potential workplace conditions and injuries

    Critical Path Method (CPM)

    • Methods to identify and map activities necessary to achieve goals and objectives

    Cost of Lost (COL)

    • The calculation of expenses related to worker injuries and illnesses, such as lost productivity

    Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

    • This is focused on providing emergency assistance during natural and other risks, such as explosions, fires or hazardous occurrences in the workplace, including natural disasters and catastrophic events.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on critical concepts of Occupational Safety and Accident Analysis. This quiz covers Systems Hazard Analysis, accident investigation procedures, and various theories related to workplace safety. Assess your understanding of reliability calculations and the roles of different stakeholders in accident scenarios.

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