Occupational Safety and Accident Analysis Quiz

Types of Bodily Reactions

• Bodily reactions can be caused by stress from body movement or unnatural positions
• Overexposure to harmful energy or substances can lead to injury
• System Causation Theory focuses on fixing the system, not assigning blame

Accident Investigation

• Accident investigations aim to determine facts, not assign blame
• A seven-step process is used, but not detailed here
• Competent personnel, proper training, and addressing root causes are crucial characteristics

Accident Investigation Characteristics

• At least two people with the right training should investigate accidents
• Investigations should identify the causes of accidents
• Reports should suggest corrections for hazardous workplace conditions

OSHA Recordkeeping

• OSHA Form 300 categorizes work-related injuries and illnesses.
• OSHA recordkeeping collects, analyzes, and maintains national data related to worker injuries

Workers' Compensation

• Workers' compensation provides medical coverage and compensation for work-related injuries resulting in death or disability.
• Recordable vs compensable cases are not always in agreement

Injury and Illness Reporting

• Injuries and illnesses are work-related if work environment causes or aggravates pre-existing issues
• Employers must determine if workplace conditions caused, contributed to or aggravated an injury or illness

Safety Culture

• Safety culture is a combination of an organization's values, behaviors and attitudes in relation to safety
• Includes organizational values and a general way of doing safety

Management Styles

• Directive Democrat: supervisors provide direction, but workers participate in the decision-making
• Directive Autocrat: supervisors make decisions without worker input.
• Permissive Democrat: supervisors offer little direction, letting workers make many decisions independently

Accident Theories

• Heinrich's Domino Theory details a chain of events leading to accidents.
• Heinrich's theory states that 88% of accidents are caused by unsafe acts, 10% by unsafe conditions, and 2% by unavoidable issues
• Multiple Cause Theory - accidents result from multiple contributing factors

Health and Safety Program Audits

• Audits use document review, employee interviews, and observing site conditions for program effectiveness
• Effective programs include management commitment, employee involvement, hazard identification, prevention and worker training

ANSI Standards

• ANSI standards are developed considering the stakeholders impacted
• Standards are organized in seven sections

Employee Rights and Responsibilities

• Employee access to medical and exposure records is a right
• Employees are responsible for reading OSHA posters and following safety rules
• Employees should report hazardous conditions if employers fail to resolve them

OSHA Inspections

• Employers are informed of the reason for the inspection
• OSHA officer accompaniment during inspections is standard practice
• Inspections prioritize imminent danger situations

OSHA Citations

• Citations are sent via certified mail
• Employers must post citations for specified periods, until the violations are corrected

Liability and Records

• Manufacturers and sellers can lessen liability by appropriate product design and prevention procedures
• Maintaining records of product issues, training, exposure, and equipment maintenance is important

Job Safety Analysis & Risk Assessment

• JSA analyzes each work step for hazards, prescribing corrective actions
• Hazard Analysis is an initial, high level assessment of risks
• Risk assessment often looks at the frequency and severity of hazards

Probability and Statistics

• Series and parallel reliability calculations analyze system failure probabilities
• Reliability of a system depends on the reliability of its individual components

Human Behavior and Error

• Human factors, like inexperience, are considered in accident analysis
• Workers' behavior can contribute to accident occurrences

Span of Control

• Supervisor to employee ratios should be appropriately balanced to support better workplace safety
• Recommendations include one supervisor for every five direct reportees

Classifying Failure Impacts

• Catastrophic, critical, marginal and negligible are classifications for assessing failure impact

Health And Safety Performance

• Implementing the SMART strategy can help create achievable goals, effective performance measures and track progress
• This strategy includes elements such as: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound

OSHA Overview

• OSHA responsibilities include encouraging safety, and conducting safety research, helping with safety problems, and implementing and enforcing safety standards

Coverage Under The OSH Act

• OSHA regulations cover all private sector employers with one or more workers in all US States and US Territories

OSHA Rules and Regulations

• OSHA compliance is required in certain situations to prevent injury and liability
• Vertical and horizontal industries are regulated in different ways

Employer Rights And Responsibilities

• It is the employer's responsibility to ensure compliance with safety standards, and to minimize workplace hazards
• Employers must inform employees of potential risks and hazards

OSHA Recordkeeping System

• The OSHA Form 300 is used to classify work-related injuries and illnesses
• OSHA records are used as a means of compiling nationwide data on worker injuries.

Workers' Compensation

• Workers' compensation provides medical and financial support for workers injured at work
• Different states have varying coverage limitations on workers' compensation

Behavior Theory (Behavior-Based Safety)

• A method for improving worker safety behaviors through intervention, identification of factors, and motivation

Cost-Benefit Analysis

• Used to determine the return on investment of a safety program
• ROI is a measure of the profitability of an investment, calculated by dividing the total return by the total investment

Insurance and Liability

• Insurance policies differ in their coverage, such as private insurance or self-insured plans
• Premiums are based on different payroll models

Charts and Graphs

• PERT charts visually display project tasks and relationships, identifying critical paths for improved time management

Hazard Analysis Techniques

• Hazard Analysis techniques include specific methods like PHA, HAZOP, FHA, What-If and MORT to identify potential hazards

System Analysis Techniques

• Techniques like SHA, CIT, ETA, and Fishbone Diagrams detail how factors interact in systems, enabling identification of root causes

Safety Management

• Safety management is a critical process for all work environments, including management responsibility and worker involvement.

Accident Analysis

• Domino theory identifies a sequence of events contributing to an accident
• Multiple cause theory proposes that many factors contribute to accidents, potentially related or unrelated to each other

Classification and Measurement

• Likert scales and Impact classifications categorize and quantify safety incidents

Epidemiological Theory

• Epidemiological theory examines the connection between diseases and environmental factors in the workplace

William Haddon's Energy Theory

• The transfer of energy plays a role in accident occurrence and injury severity/rate

Multiple Factor Theories

• Identifying different contributing issues in accident occurrences such as human error, machinery, environment and management
• Examples include, but are not limited to, human error, machinery issues, environmental circumstances and overall management failures

Management Styles

• Different styles of management for worker engagement and safety management include directive autocrat and directive democrat

OSHA Regulations

• Compliance with OSHA regulations is necessary to follow all safety standards and prevent workplace issues

Safety Culture

• OSHA's definition of culture encompasses organizational attitudes, behaviors, values and principles

Workers' Compensation

• The intent of workers compensation is to compensate for injuries

Hazard Analysis

• JSA, HAZOP, and PHA are several methods to analyze hazard occurrences

Third-Party Lawsuits

• Employees may sue producers, manufactures or other third parties if an incident occurs during the workplace activities
• This is because the third parties may have caused the incident or were negligently involved in the incident

Theories of Liability

• Different legal principles determine responsibility for resulting injuries or illnesses
• Theories include warranty, negligence and strict liability

Reducing Liability Risks

• Steps manufacturers and sellers may take to reduce liability involve careful product design, safety warnings and regular maintenance

Job Safety Analysis (JSA)

• A precise method to assess and analyze potential workplace conditions and injuries

Critical Path Method (CPM)

• Methods to identify and map activities necessary to achieve goals and objectives

Cost of Lost (COL)

• The calculation of expenses related to worker injuries and illnesses, such as lost productivity

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

• This is focused on providing emergency assistance during natural and other risks, such as explosions, fires or hazardous occurrences in the workplace, including natural disasters and catastrophic events.

Test your knowledge on critical concepts of Occupational Safety and Accident Analysis. This quiz covers Systems Hazard Analysis, accident investigation procedures, and various theories related to workplace safety. Assess your understanding of reliability calculations and the roles of different stakeholders in accident scenarios.