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Questions and Answers
Which method of risk prevention emphasizes rewarding safe behaviors?
What ratios did Heinrich (1959) mention when talking about occupational accidents?
Engineering controls are part of the three lines of defense against occupational accidents.
True
What is the main focus of biological risk factors?
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Chemical risk factors are produced by ______ and cause illness and injury.
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What form of electromagnetic radiant energy is propagated in space with a wave motion?
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What is the unit of measurement for luminance?
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Computer-related eye fatigue can cause blurred vision.
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____ is the heat exchange between the person and the environment.
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Match the type of protection with the body part it aims to protect:
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What is PPE an acronym for?
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According to the risk analysis matrix, what does a Magnitude of Damage value range between for a Low risk?
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What are the Magnitude of Damage values range for a Medium risk according to the risk analysis matrix?
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In the risk analysis matrix, what is the Magnitude of Damage value range for a High risk?
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In Example 01, what is the calculated value for the risk?
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According to Example 02 in the risk analysis matrix, what is the calculated risk value?
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What are the advantages of HAZOP analysis? (Select all that apply)
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What are some types/functions of PPE mentioned in the content?
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What is the purpose of respiratory protection?
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PPE for fire fighting includes handling of hazardous materials.
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The PPE for fire fighting includes a suit made of 'aluminized' material, respiratory protection equipment, and _____.
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Match the following risk control measures to their respective categories:
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Study Notes
Risk Assessment and Risk Management
- Risk assessment has three stages: analysis, valuation, and control
- Risk analysis involves identifying hazards, estimating risks, and comparing the risks with tolerable values
- Risk valuation involves determining if the risk is tolerable or not, and if not, applying preventive measures and monitoring regularly
- Risk control involves applying preventive measures and monitoring regularly to reduce or eliminate risks
Risk Prevention Plan
- An occupational risk prevention plan involves identifying risks, analyzing risks, and implementing control measures to reduce or eliminate risks
- The plan should be based on legal requirements, specific or non-specific, and risk control methodology
Risk Prevention Methods
- There are four methods of risk prevention: legal, psychological, engineering, and analytical
- Legal method involves safety rules with penalties, and is not always the most effective method
- Psychological method involves rewarding safe behaviors, and using signage and reminders to encourage safe work practices
- Engineering method involves designing out risks, using safety factors, and implementing safety principles such as fail-safe design and redundancy
- Analytical method involves studying the mechanisms of risks, analyzing statistical histories, and evaluating costs and benefits of risk elimination
Engineering Method
- According to Heinrich, the ratio of occupational accidents is 88% unsafe acts, 10% unsafe conditions, and 2% unsafe causes
- Engineering method involves designing out risks, using safety factors, and implementing safety principles such as fail-safe design and redundancy
- Safety factors include designing for failure, using redundancy, and considering the human interface
- Design principles include eliminating the process or cause of the risk, replacing with an alternative process or material, and reducing or slowing exposure to hazardous processes or materials
Analytical Method
- Analytical method involves studying the mechanisms of risks, analyzing statistical histories, and evaluating costs and benefits of risk elimination
- Examples of analytical methods include accident analysis, failure modes and effects analysis, fault tree analysis, and cost-benefit analysis
Risk Factors
- There are several risk factors, including biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors
- Biological factors include diseases caused by microorganisms
- Chemical factors include illnesses and injuries caused by chemicals
- Mechanical factors include accidents caused by machinery and equipment
- Physical factors include illnesses and injuries caused by energy in the environment, such as noise and radiation
- Ergonomic factors include work-related illnesses caused by lack of adaptability in the workstation or incorrect workstation design
- Psychosocial factors include work-related illnesses caused by workload, stress, etc.
Temperature
- Temperature can be a risk factor, with extremes of heat or cold causing health problems
- Thermal discomfort can be caused by cold or heat, lack of ventilation or heating, and can hinder work
- Heat stress can be estimated using the WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) index
Labor Risk Factors
- Labor risk factors include biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial factors
- Ergonomic risk factors include lack of adaptability in the workstation or incorrect workstation design
- Psychosocial risk factors include workload, stress, etc.
Falls from Height
- Falls from height are a major risk factor, and can cause serious physical injury or death
- Falls from heights of 1.5m - 1.8m are dangerous and can result in serious physical injury or death
- Work performed at heights requires the use of ropes, anchors, accessories, etc.Here are the study notes:
Event and Accident
- An event is an incident that goes beyond the incident and causes injury, damage, or loss to people, property, or the environment.
- Prevention: Concrete actions in advance to prevent something bad from happening.
- Protection: Use of defensive measures to protect people and infrastructure.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- PPE is a necessary requirement for any activity involving work, especially risky work.
- PPE is the last barrier of protection for workers.
- Examples of PPE:
- Head: Impact helmet
- Feet: Steel-toed footwear
- Hands and body: Work gloves and work clothing
- For hazardous tasks at height: Harness, ropes, and restraint systems
Head Protection
- Head protection is essential to prevent injuries from falling objects or low-hanging objects.
- Types of helmets:
- Common industrial safety helmet
- Helmet adapted for specific tasks (e.g., work at heights)
Risk Control
- Risk control involves identifying and mitigating risks at the source, in the middle, and at the person.
- General elements of risk prevention and control at work:
- Persons performing the work
- Installation of equipment and materials used
- Tools
- Management systems
Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) Study
- A HAZOP study is a systematic approach to identify potential hazards in a process or operation.
- Stages of a HAZOP study:
- Description of facilities (elements and operation)
- Definition of objective (delimit the study area)
- Definition of critical elements or nodes (specific elements that vary in the process)
- Defining deviations (application of guide words to quantify risk)
- Define possible causes of deviations
- Frequency and criticality analysis
- Use of various risk management tools
- Determine measures depending on risks encountered
Risk Analysis Matrix
- A risk analysis matrix is a tool used to evaluate the probability of a threat and the magnitude of damage.
- The matrix is used to determine the level of risk (low, medium, or high) based on the probability of threat and magnitude of damage.
Advantages and Disadvantages of HAZOP Study
- Advantages:
- Detailed process analysis
- Reduces doubts if done correctly
- Disadvantages:
- High cost
- Requires many specialists to perform the study
- Time-consuming
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Description
Test your knowledge on occupational health and safety concepts, including risk prevention methods, accident ratios, and hazard types.
