Occupational Health and Safety I
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)?

  • To minimize workplace attire costs
  • To increase workplace productivity at any cost
  • To ensure quick employee turnover
  • To create a safe and healthy work environment (correct)

Which of the following factors does Occupational Safety cover in the workplace?

  • Job roles and responsibilities
  • The aesthetic appeal of the workspace
  • Employee satisfaction and recognition
  • Risk factors that cause workplace injury (correct)

What must employers prioritize regarding their employees, according to Occupational Health and Safety guidelines?

  • Improving mental health conditions (correct)
  • Increasing surveillance in the workplace
  • Reducing staff workload
  • Maximizing working hours

Which of the following might be a consequence of neglecting occupational health and safety?

<p>Long-term mental health problems for staff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which duty is placed on employers by Occupational Health and Safety regulations?

<p>To ensure a reasonable working condition for staff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Occupational Health and Safety play in a company's success?

<p>It can prevent lawsuits related to workplace safety (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health does occupational health and safety emphasize in the workplace?

<p>Emotional and mental health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do companies benefit from implementing effective Occupational Health and Safety measures?

<p>By improving employee retention and productivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as the 'father of industrial medicine'?

<p>Bernardo Ramazzini (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant legislative act was passed in response to findings about chimney sweepers?

<p>The Chimney-Sweepers Act (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient scholar recognized lead toxicity in the mining industry?

<p>Hippocrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Agricola contribute to the field of industrial hygiene?

<p>Described diseases and preventive measures for miners (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main focus of the English Factory Acts passed starting in 1833?

<p>Compensation for workplace accidents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation was introduced by Pliny the Elder for miner safety?

<p>Face mask from animal bladder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ramazzini emphasize in his studies of occupational diseases?

<p>Workplace studies over clinical studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What disease was associated with acid mist exposures described by Galen?

<p>Lead poisoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Turkey's Occupational Health and Safety Act 2012?

<p>To establish a framework for employer-employee interaction in health and safety (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did certain articles of the Occupational Health and Safety Act enter into force for very high hazard workplaces with fewer than 50 employees?

<p>January 1, 2014 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Labor Act No. 4857 of 2003 introduce concerning the working age?

<p>It raised the minimum working age to 16 years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of employers under the OHS Act?

<p>Hiring occupational safety experts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes an occupational disease?

<p>Any disease contracted primarily from exposure to work-related risk factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the Occupational Safety and Health Law, how soon must employers notify the Social Security Institution of occupational accidents?

<p>Within 3 working days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protection does the OHS Act provide for young workers?

<p>Limitations on work hours for employees under 18 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the OHS Act, how must health and safety boards' decisions be regarded by employers?

<p>As mandatory resolutions that must be followed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a category of occupational diseases?

<p>Diseases caused by lifestyle choices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the OHS Act on maternity leave provisions?

<p>Increased from 12 to 16 weeks, split into pre and post-birth leave (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of agent is related to noise exposure in occupational diseases?

<p>Physical agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a biological agent that can cause occupational diseases?

<p>Hepatitis B virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the certified occupational health and safety officer play under the OHS Act?

<p>Ensuring compliance with health and safety regulations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is specifically mentioned as a cause of ergonomic health hazards?

<p>Repeated movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Occupational ill-health can best be described as:

<p>A recognizable and usually severe condition from work-related activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about work-related diseases is incorrect?

<p>They are always caused only by the work environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary causes of occupational diseases related to stress?

<p>Peer group pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the respiratory system is NOT included in the upper respiratory tract?

<p>Bronchi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diseases can result from inhaling hazardous substances at work?

<p>Respiratory diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of the occupational health and safety law?

<p>To regulate duties and improve safety conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should risk assessments be reviewed according to the law?

<p>Regularly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potentially harmful condition can develop due to a genetic predisposition after exposure to certain agents?

<p>Asthma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach does the law promote regarding the management of occupational health and safety?

<p>Proactive approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should employers prioritize when developing a prevention policy?

<p>Collective protective measures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first action an employer must take after an occupational accident occurs?

<p>Draw up reports with required studies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many days does an employer have to notify the Social Security Institution of an occupational accident?

<p>Three work days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must happen within ten days concerning occupational diseases?

<p>Authorized health care providers must notify the Social Security Institution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition must an occupational health and safety committee be formed?

<p>In enterprises with a minimum of 50 employees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key duty of the employer regarding the decisions of the occupational health and safety committee?

<p>To enforce those decisions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an occupational disease is suspected, who should be notified by healthcare providers?

<p>Authorized health care providers by the Social Security Institution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the timeframe within which an employer must notify the Social Security Institution upon receiving knowledge of an occupational disease?

<p>Within three work days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

Creating a safe and healthy work environment.

Occupational Safety

Reducing risk of injury from workplace hazards.

Workplace accidents

Unintentional incidents that cause harm at work.

Employer's responsibility

Minimizing workplace risks and preventing accidents.

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Worker's mental health

Important aspect of a safe work environment (stress, burnout)

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Importance of OH&S

Ensuring staff health for better work conditions and productivity

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Risk factors

Potential hazards in the workplace that can cause danger

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Workplace hazards

Conditions or objects that can cause harm in the workplace.

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Risk

The likelihood and potential consequences of a harmful event, such as injury, environmental damage, or economic loss.

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Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHS Act)

The Turkish law enacted in 2012 to regulate workplace safety and health for all employees and employers, including the public sector.

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What are the two main categories of employer responsibilities under the OHS Act?

General and supervisory responsibilities, and managerial responsibilities.

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General and Supervisory Responsibilities

These involve the employer's overall commitment to providing a safe workplace, including things like risk assessments, training, and communication.

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Managerial Responsibilities

These focus on the specific tasks and management decisions that employers take to minimize risks, such as providing safe equipment, ensuring proper procedures, and addressing hazards.

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What is the role of a Certified Occupational Health and Safety Officer?

An employer is legally required to have a certified officer responsible for implementing and overseeing workplace health and safety measures.

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What is the connection between the Labor Act of 2003 and the OHS Act?

The Labor Act brought about major changes to the occupational safety system, aligning it with EU standards, which paved the way for the OHS Act.

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How does the OHS Act promote employee safety and rights?

It includes measures like raising the minimum working age, limiting working hours for young workers, extending maternity leave, and increasing paid leave.

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Ancient awareness of workplace hazards

Recognition of industrial hygiene risks dates back to ancient times, with examples like Hippocrates observing lead toxicity in mining and Pliny the Elder developing a face mask for protection from dust and fumes.

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Galen's contribution to occupational health

The Greek physician Galen described the effects of lead poisoning and recognized the dangers faced by copper miners, adding to the understanding of occupational diseases.

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What did guilds do for workers in the Middle Ages?

Guilds in the Middle Ages provided support to sick workers and their families, indicating an early form of worker assistance.

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Agricola's De Re Metallica

Agricola's book, published in 1556, detailed the diseases of miners and offered preventive measures, emphasizing the importance of mine ventilation and worker protection.

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The 'father of industrial medicine'

Bernardo Ramazzini, known as the father of industrial medicine, published the first comprehensive book on occupational diseases, highlighting their importance.

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Ramazzini's emphasis on the work environment

Ramazzini emphasized the importance of studying occupational diseases in the work environment, not just hospitals, shifting the focus to prevention.

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Pott and the Chimney-Sweepers Act

Percival Pott's research on the effects of soot on chimney sweepers led to the Chimney-Sweepers Act of 1788, promoting worker protection.

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Early legislative efforts in industrial safety

The English Factory Acts, starting in 1833, marked the first effective legislation in industrial safety, aiming to provide compensation for accidents.

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Occupational Disease

An illness primarily caused by exposure to workplace risk factors.

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Work-related Disease

A disease with multiple causes, including work environment factors, alongside other risks.

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Occupational Ill-health

Undesirable physical or mental condition occurring due to work activities.

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Occupational Health Hazards

Risks in the workplace due to exposure to chemical, physical, biological, or ergonomic factors.

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Diseases caused by exposure to chemical agents

Illnesses resulting from contact with inorganic or organic chemicals.

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Diseases caused by exposure to physical agents

Illnesses resulting from exposure to noise, vibration, radiation, or extreme temperature and humidity.

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Diseases caused by exposure to biological agents

Illnesses caused by infectious agents, parasites, or allergens of biological origin.

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Occupational Cancer

Cancer caused by exposure to specific substances or conditions in the workplace.

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Preventative Policy for Workplace Safety

A comprehensive policy covering technology, work organization, conditions, social interactions, and environmental factors to minimize workplace hazards.

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Collective vs Individual Protection

Prioritizing shared safety measures like improved equipment or procedures over individual protection gear.

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Importance of Worker Instructions

Providing clear and adequate instructions to workers on safety practices and procedures is crucial for a safe work environment.

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Employer's Record Keeping for Workplace Incidents

Employers must track all accidents and diseases, and investigate potentially harmful situations to identify and manage risks.

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Reporting Occupational Accidents and Diseases

Employers must notify authorities like the Social Security Institution promptly about workplace accidents and diseases.

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Occupational Health and Safety Committee (OHSC)

A committee set up in workplaces with 50+ employees, mandated to ensure worker safety and enforce related decisions.

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Collaboration between Main Contractor and Sub-Contractor

When a main contractor and sub-contractor work together, they must cooperate to ensure unified safety measures.

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Inhalation Disorders

Conditions caused by breathing in harmful substances like dust, smoke, gas, or biological agents. These substances can damage the respiratory system and other parts of the body.

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Occupational Skin Diseases

Skin conditions developed due to exposure to workplace hazards like chemicals, irritants, or allergens. These can cause rashes, dermatitis, or even cancer.

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Occupational Musculoskeletal Disorders

Injuries or disorders of muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and joints caused by repetitive movements, awkward postures, or heavy lifting at work.

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Miners' Nystagmus

A vision impairment characterized by involuntary eye movements, often caused by prolonged work in low-light conditions, such as underground mining.

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Proactive approach to OHS

The concept of prioritizing prevention and risk management in the workplace to avoid occupational accidents and diseases, instead of reacting to them after they occur.

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Object of Turkish Occupational Health and Safety Law (Law No. 6331)

To regulate responsibilities, rights, and obligations of employers and workers to ensure a safe and healthy working environment and improve existing conditions.

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What does the OHS Law focus on?

The law prioritizes preventive measures to avoid occupational accidents and diseases, focusing on proactive risk assessment and hazard identification.

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Study Notes

Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)

  • Primary Purpose: To ensure the safety and well-being of workers in the workplace.
  • Covers: Workplace hazards and risks, including physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic.
  • Employer Priority: Providing a safe and healthy work environment for their employees by adhering to OH&S regulations.
  • Neglecting OH&S Consequences: Accidents, injuries, illnesses, and death.
  • Employer Duty: To implement OH&S measures and ensure worker compliance.
  • Role in Company Success: Improves productivity, reduces costs due to accidents, and enhances reputation.
  • Health Emphasis: Physical, mental, psychological, and social well-being in the workplace.
  • Benefits of Effective OH&S: Reduced absenteeism, increased employee morale, and lower insurance premiums.

History of Occupational Health and Safety

  • Father of Industrial Medicine: Bernardino Ramazzini
  • Chimney Sweeps Act 1788: Passed in response to the high mortality rate among chimney sweeps due to soot exposure.
  • Ancient Scholar on Lead Toxicity: Theophrastus
  • Agricola Contribution: Introduced detailed descriptions of mining hazards and preventive measures in his book "De Re Metallica".
  • English Factory Acts (1833): Primarily focused on child labor protection and working conditions in factories.
  • Pliny the Elder Innovation: Introduced respirators for miners to protect them from dust and fumes.
  • Ramazzini's Focus: Documented occupational diseases and their causes in his book "De Morbis Artificum Diatriba".
  • Galen & Acid Mist: Described the occurrence of lung conditions among miners due to exposure to acid mist.

Turkish Occupational Health and Safety Act 2012

  • Primary Purpose: To prevent occupational accidents and diseases and protect the health and safety of employees.
  • Entry into Force (High Hazard, <50 employees): Certain articles entered into force in 2014.
  • Labor Act No. 4857 (2003): Introduced a change, raising the minimum working age to 15 years.

Employer Responsibilities Under the OHS Act

  • Not a Responsibility: Providing private life insurance for employees.
  • Occupational Disease Definition: An illness arising from work activities or exposure to hazardous agents in the workplace.
  • Notification of Occupational Accidents (Social Security): Within three days.
  • Protection for Young Workers: The OHS Act provides specific protections against hazardous work conditions and limits on working hours for young employees.
  • Health and Safety Boards Decisions: Employers must comply with health and safety boards' decisions as binding and enforceable.

Occupational Diseases and the OHS Act

  • Categories of Occupational Diseases: Physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic.
  • Impact on Maternity Leave: The OHS Act has no direct impact on maternity leave provisions, which are regulated separately.
  • Noise Exposure Agent: A physical agent associated with occupational diseases like hearing loss.
  • Example Biological Agent: Viruses, bacteria, or fungi that can cause occupational diseases.
  • Certified Occupational Health and Safety Officer: Responsible for implementing and monitoring OH&S procedures in the workplace.
  • Ergonomic Hazards Cause: Repetitive motions, poor posture, and improper use of tools.
  • Occupational Ill-Health Description: Health problems arising from work-related exposures or activities.

Additional Information

  • Incorrect Statement about Work-Related Diseases: The statement that work-related diseases are always immediately apparent is false. Some occupational diseases may develop gradually over time.
  • Primary Cause of Stress-Related Occupational Diseases: Workplace pressures, demanding workloads, and lack of control over work tasks.
  • Excluded from Upper Respiratory Tract: The lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, and lungs).
  • Diseases from Inhaling Hazardous Substances: Lung diseases, respiratory illnesses, and cancers.
  • Occupational Health and Safety Law Goal: To provide a safe and healthy workplace for all workers.
  • Risk Assessment Review Frequency: At least once a year or whenever there is a significant change in the workplace.
  • Potentially Harmful Condition: Genetic predisposition can lead to the development of occupational diseases after exposure to specific agents.
  • Law's Management Approach: Preventive measures, risk assessment, and control of hazards.
  • Prevention Policy Priority: Elimination or substitution of hazards, followed by engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment.
  • First Action After Occupational Accident: Immediate first aid and assistance to the injured worker.
  • Notification of Occupational Accident (Social Security): Within three days.
  • Occupational Disease Notification (Social Security): Within ten days after the employer becomes aware of a possible case.
  • Occupational Health and Safety Committee Formation: Required when there are at least 50 employees in a workplace.
  • Employer Duty Regarding Committee Decisions: Comply with the recommendations of the occupational health and safety committee.
  • Notification of Suspected Occupational Disease (Healthcare Providers): The healthcare provider must notify the Social Security Institution and the employer.
  • Occupational Disease Notification (Employer to Social Security): Within three days of receiving knowledge of the disease.

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts of Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S), highlighting the importance of creating safe work environments. It delves into the dual aspects of safety and health, emphasizing the employer's responsibility towards employee well-being. The quiz also discusses factors that can adversely affect mental health in the workplace.

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