Occupational Blood and Skin Diseases

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Questions and Answers

Which chemical is specifically associated with causing Nephrotic Syndrome?

Cadmium

Lead

Mercury (correct)

Chloroform

Which factor does NOT influence workers' response to hazards?

Type of footwear worn (correct)

Medical History

Age

Genetic or Heredity

Which of the following is a potential effect of exposure to carbon disulfide?

Respiratory disease

Acute renal failure

Chronic renal failure (correct)

Nephrotic Syndrome

What aspect does NOT influence the effects of hazards on workers?

Availability of personal protective equipment Signup and view all the answers

Which industry is notably associated with exposure to cadmium?

Battery manufacturing Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is caused by exposure to lead?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is one effect of lead poisoning?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which industry is associated with arsenic exposure?

Chemical industries Signup and view all the answers

What type of dermatitis may arise from exposure to plastics and epoxies?

Allergic contact dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What type of anemia is associated with benzene exposure?

Aplastic anemia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of poor hygiene levels in the workplace?

Wearing protective equipment Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with lead poisoning?

Seizures Signup and view all the answers

What process is linked with the occurrence of hemolysis of red blood cells?

Arsine gas exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)?

Serve as the central statistical authority Signup and view all the answers

What does the PSA coordinate with the PSA Board?

Statistical development programs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a duty of the PSA?

Develop health education programs Signup and view all the answers

Which type of statistics is the PSA responsible for collecting?

General-purpose statistics Signup and view all the answers

What role does the City or Municipal Civil Registry Office have at the local level?

Collect and analyze vital health data Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the functions of the Epidemiology Bureau of the Department of Health?

Perform surveillance and epidemiologic information Signup and view all the answers

According to the responsibilities of the PSA, what do they primarily plan and develop?

Official statistical policies Signup and view all the answers

What type of surveys does the PSA conduct periodically?

Censuses on various sectors of the economy Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main functions of the Epidemiology Bureau of DOH?

Develop and evaluate surveillance systems Signup and view all the answers

Which division is NOT part of the Epidemiology Bureau?

Statistical Analysis Division Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for the registration of vital events?

The Local Government Units through LCRs Signup and view all the answers

What method assumes a constant rate of population increase expressed as a percentage of the previous population?

Geometric method Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used in the arithmetic method for population projection?

Pf = Pp + nk Signup and view all the answers

For vital statistics purposes, how is population generally estimated during non-census years?

By arithmetic and geometric increases or other methods Signup and view all the answers

Which entity took over the civil registration function of the NSO as per the Philippine Statistical Act of 2013?

Philippine Statistics Authority Signup and view all the answers

What is needed to estimate the population for any date in the future?

Population count from an earlier date Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bacteria is classified as having a curved shape?

Vibrio cholerae Signup and view all the answers

Which description accurately defines pleomorphism in bacteria?

Existence in a variety of shapes Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria lack a cell wall and are resistant to certain antibiotics?

Mycoplasma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pertains to the way bacteria reproduce?

Binary fission Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Gram-negative bacteria from Gram-positive bacteria?

Presence of an outer membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a medically important cocci?

Candida albicans Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a mass of intertwined fungi?

Mycelium Signup and view all the answers

What are the three basic shapes of bacteria?

Cocci, bacilli, and spirilla Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Occupational Hematologic (Blood) Diseases

Lead poisoning can cause anemia resulting from battery manufacturing and lead smelting.
Benzene exposure in solvent and soap manufacturing can cause aplastic anemia.
Arsine gas exposure in chemical industries can cause hemolysis of red blood cells.
Lead poisoning can also cause hypertension, decreased hearing acuity, nephropathy/renal failure, infertility (men), frank anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and encephalopathy – seizures.

Skin Diseases

Exposure to plastics and epoxies in the plastic and varnish industry can lead to allergic contact dermatitis.
Exposure to sodium hydroxide and acids in chemical industries and laundering can cause irritant contact dermatitis.

Factors that Influence Workers’ Response to Hazards

Individual susceptibility to hazards is influenced by genetic factors, age, gender, and medical history.

Variables Influencing the Effects of Hazards

The physical properties of hazards, multiplicity of exposure, duration of exposure, and timing of exposure all contribute to the impact of hazards on workers.

Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)

The PSA is responsible for implementing the objectives of R.A. 10625.
This includes planning, developing, prescribing, disseminating, and enforcing policies, rules, and regulations regarding the production of official statistics, general-purpose statistics, and civil registration services.
The PSA carries out national censuses and surveys, sectoral statistics, consolidation of national accounts, and other functions assigned by the PSA Board.

Department of Health (DOH)

The Epidemiology Bureau of the DOH provides surveillance and epidemiologic information to prevent and control outbreaks.
They improve health policies, programs, and systems and develop competent health personnel to detect and respond to public health threats.
Functions of the Epidemiology Bureau include developing and evaluating surveillance systems, collecting and disseminating health information, investigating disease outbreaks, and networking public health laboratories.

Local Civil Registry Offices (LCR)

LCRs, under the technical supervision of the Civil Registrar General of the National Statistics Office (NSO), are responsible for the registration of vital events.
The PSA took over the civil registration function of the NSO, with the National Statistician assuming the role of Civil Registrar General, providing overall direction in the implementation of the Civil Registry Law.

Population Projection/Estimation

Population estimation for future dates requires an earlier population count.
Vital statistics are based on population data obtained from census reports.
Non-censal year population is estimated using various methods:
- Arithmetic Method: Assumes a constant annual population increase.
- Geometric Method: Assumes a consistent rate of increase as a percentage of the previous population.

Cellular Microbes: Bacteria

Bacteria are prokaryotic, microscopic, single-celled organisms.
They are classified into three phenotypic categories: gram-negative with cell wall, gram-positive with cell wall, and those lacking a cell wall.
Bacteria reproduce through binary fission.

Basic Shapes of Bacteria

Cocci: Round or spherical in shape
- Diplococci: Pair of cocci
- Streptococci: Chains of cocci
- Staphylococci: Clusters of cocci
Bacillus: Rod-shaped
Spirilla: Curved or spiral-shaped

Medically Important Cocci

Enterococcus spp.
Neisseria spp.
Staphylococcus spp.
Streptococcus spp.

Medically Important Bacilli

Enterobacter
Escherichia
Klebsiella
Proteus
Salmonella
Shigella spp.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Bacillus spp.
Clostridium spp.

Medically Important Spirilla

Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Other Microbial Types

Mycoplasma: Bacteria lacking a cell wall, resistant to antibiotics targeting cell wall synthesis.
Pleomorphic: Bacteria that exist in a variety of shapes.
Viroids: Infectious RNA molecules causing plant diseases.
Prions: Infectious molecules causing various animal and human diseases.

Molds & Yeasts

Molds: Microscopic multicellular organisms
Yeasts: Microscopic single-celled organisms that reproduce through budding.

Key Yeasts

Candida albicans
Candida neoformans

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Description

This quiz covers various occupational hematologic and skin diseases caused by exposure to hazardous materials in various industries. It delves into specific examples like lead poisoning and allergic contact dermatitis, along with factors that influence workers' responses to these hazards. Test your knowledge about the impact of workplace exposures on health.