Occlusal Aspect of Mandibular Second Premolar
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic of the occlusal surface of the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

  • It is concave on the lingual aspect
  • It is narrower on the lingual aspect
  • It is broader on the lingual aspect (correct)
  • It is uniform on both the buccal and lingual aspects

    • What is the characteristic bulk of the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

  • Uniform bulk on both the mesial and distal
  • Greater bulk mesially
  • Greater bulk buccolingually in the distal (correct)
  • No bulk on the lingual aspect

    • What is the characteristic of the ML cusp compared to the DL cusp in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

  • ML cusp is absent in the three-cusp version
  • ML cusp is smaller than the DL cusp
  • ML cusp and DL cusp are equal in size
  • ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of the ridges in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Three triangular ridges converging towards the central fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the central fossa in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is shifted towards the distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual groove in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It separates the two lingual cusps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of the Distal Marginal Ridge (DMR) of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

    <p>It is more occlusal than the Mesial Marginal Ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the proximal aspects of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

    <p>Mesial Rhomboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative length of the Lingual cusp compared to the length of the crown?

    <p>It is shorter by 1/3 length of the crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of the Mesial Marginal Ridge (MMR) of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

    <p>It is inclined from B to L surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cervical line of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

    <p>It curves occlusally and less curved distally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in the occlusal aspect of a mandibular first premolar?

    <p>A shallow central groove extending from mesial to distal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Mesio-Lingual surface of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

    <p>It has a developmental groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the lingual cusp in a mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is smaller than the buccal cusp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in the occlusal surface of a mandibular second premolar?

    <p>A square occlusal table with a round or oval-shaped crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the fossae in a mandibular first premolar?

    <p>Circular or irregular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the ridges in a mandibular second premolar?

    <p>More supplemental grooves than a mandibular first premolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in the mesial half of a mandibular second premolar?

    <p>More bulk than the distal half buccolingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>It is more apical than the distal marginal ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be seen from the lingual aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Most of the occlusal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lingual cusps does the mandibular 2nd premolar have?

    <p>Either 1 or 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative size of the lingual cusp of the mandibular 2nd premolar with 1 lingual cusp compared to the lingual cusp of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mandibular 2nd premolar with 2 lingual cusps, which cusp is larger?

    <p>The ML cusp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the crown of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Tapered to the lingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinctive feature of the mesial surface of the root of the 2nd premolar?

    <p>It is more convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the proximal aspect of the 2nd premolar?

    <p>The buccal height of contour is at the junction of the cervical and middle 1/3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the crown of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>Diamond shaped converging lingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cusp ridges of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>They are nearly straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the feature of the root of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>It has a distal root depression in the middle third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal aspect of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>It appears as if the mesial side has been pushed inward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of the cervical line of the mandibular 1st premolar compared to the 2nd premolar?

    <p>It is more rounded mesiodistally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>Roughly pentagonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the contact area of the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

    <p>Near the junction of the occlusal and middle third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the buccal cusp of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>It is less pointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are notches often seen on the cusp ridges of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>On the mesiobuccal cusp ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative length of the crown and root of the mandibular 1st premolar compared to the 2nd premolar?

    <p>The crown is longer and the root is shorter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the overall length of the mandibular 1st premolar compared to the 2nd premolar?

    <p>It is longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the distal contact area of the mandibular 2nd premolar located?

    <p>More cervical than the mesial contact area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cusp ridges of the mandibular 2nd premolar compared to the 1st premolar?

    <p>They are less steep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Nearly symmetrical except for a shorter mesial cusp ridge and a distal bulge of the crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the buccal triangular ridge in the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>It is longer than the lingual triangular ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the fossae in the occlusal aspect of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>They are irregular or circular in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the transverse ridge in the occlusal aspect of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>It is always smooth and uninterrupted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is round in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges in the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>They converge lingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the central groove in the occlusal aspect of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is curved</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar, which of the following is true about the bulk?

    <p>It is greater buccolingually in the distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the central fossa in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is shifted towards the distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the ridges in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>They converge towards the central fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the ML cusp and the DL cusp in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>The ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual groove in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It separates the two lingual cusps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal surface of the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is broader on the lingual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the buccal cusp in relation to the root of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>It is centered over the root.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the buccal cusp tip from an occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>Near the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be observed in the occlusal morphology of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>A diamond-shaped crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the proximal aspects of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Rhomboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of the mesial marginal ridge of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Parallel to the buccal cusp ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the convergency of the crown shape of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>It converges lingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>The mesial marginal ridge is more prominent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the distal marginal ridge of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>It is more occlusal than the mesial marginal ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ridges in the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>They are nearly straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal margin of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>The lingual cusp is shorter than the buccal cusp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the developmental groove on the root of the mandibular premolar?

    <p>It is deep and narrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the mesiolingual developmental groove of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>At the junction of the lingual and mesial surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual cusp of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Small and pointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative size of the mesial marginal ridge compared to the distal marginal ridge in the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Mesial is more apical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular 2nd premolar with 2 lingual cusps?

    <p>Wide or wider mesiodistally than the buccal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the mesial marginal ridge compared to the distal marginal ridge in the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>Mesial is more occlusal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the ML cusp and the DL cusp in the mandibular 2nd premolar with 2 lingual cusps?

    <p>ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual cusp of the mandibular 2nd premolar with 1 lingual cusp compared to the lingual cusp of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Larger than the lingual cusp of the 1st premolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinguishing characteristic of the buccal cusp of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>Less pointed than the 1st premolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the crown of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Roughly trapezoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are notches often seen on the cusp ridges of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>Distal cusp ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the cervical line of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>More rounded mesiodistally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative length of the mandibular 1st premolar compared to the 2nd premolar?

    <p>Longer crown and shorter root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the contact areas of the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

    <p>Mesial contact area is more cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the crown of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>Roughly pentagonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the distal contact area located on the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>More cervical than the mesial contact area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the marginal ridges of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>More rounded mesiodistally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction in the occlusal morphology of the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

    <p>Shape of the crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the transverse ridge in the occlusal aspect of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>It may be crossed by a shallow central groove extending from mesial to distal fossa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the buccal cusp of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is larger than the lingual cusp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>It is round or oval shaped with a square occlusal table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>They converge lingually and form a uninterrupted transverse ridge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the fossae in the occlusal aspect of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>They are irregular or circular in shape and have pits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ridges in the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>They are more prominent and have more supplemental grooves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal surface of the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Broader in the lingual aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual groove in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Completes the Y-shaped occlusal groove pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Convergent in the mesial and distal aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the central fossa in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Shifted towards the distal aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ridges in the three-cusp version of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Triangular in shape and converging towards the central fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>Asymmetrical in the buccal and lingual aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the occlusal surface of the mandibular first premolar, what is the characteristic feature of the buccal cusp?

    <p>It lacks a prominent buccal ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the crown of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>Asymmetrical and diamond-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the occlusal surface of the mandibular first premolar, what is the characteristic feature of the cusp ridges?

    <p>They are nearly straight lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the mandibular first premolar?

    <p>They converge lingually</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal margin of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>The lingual cusp is shorter by 1/3 length of the crown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On the proximal aspect of the mandibular second premolar, where is the height of contour located?

    <p>At the junction of the cervical and middle 1/3 on the buccal side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the orientation of the buccal triangular ridge in relation to the root of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Centered over the root</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the root of the mandibular second premolar?

    <p>It is smooth and flat with a deep developmental groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the crown of the mandibular 1st premolar in the mesial view?

    <p>Rhomboid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>The distal marginal ridge is more occlusal than the mesial marginal ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the mesiolingual developmental groove of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>At the junction of the lingual and mesial surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the proximal surface anatomy of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>M &amp; D surfaces are convex and smooth except for a concave area cervical to the contact area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the lingual aspect of the mandibular 2nd premolar with 2 lingual cusps?

    <p>The ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the crown shape of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>It tapers to the lingual side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>The mesial marginal ridge is more occlusal than the distal marginal ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal surface of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Most of the occlusal surface can be seen from the lingual aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cusp size and shape of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>The lingual cusp is small and pointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the convergence of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>The crown converges to the lingual side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the cervical line of the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>More flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On which cusp ridge are notches often seen in the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>Distobuccal cusp ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the crown shape of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>Trapizoidal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the contact area located on the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>More cervical than the mesial contact area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the buccal cusp of the mandibular 2nd premolar compared to the 1st premolar?

    <p>It is less pointed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the marginal ridges of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>They are more rounded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the occlusal morphology of the mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars?

    <p>Both premolars have a different morphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the fossae in the occlusal aspect of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>They are more shallow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the ridges in the mandibular 2nd premolar?

    <p>They are more sloping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the convergency of the crown shape of the mandibular 1st premolar?

    <p>It is more convergent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mandibular Premolars: Key Features and Characteristics

    Crown Shape

    • Mandibular 1st premolar: Crown tapers (converges) to the lingual (narrower on lingual side than buccal)
    • Mandibular 2nd premolar:
      • With 1 lingual cusp: Crown tapers to lingual
      • With 2 lingual cusps: Crown is as wide or wider mesiodistally than the buccal

    Cusp Size and Shape

    • Mandibular 1st premolar:
      • Lingual cusp is small and pointed
      • Most of the occlusal surface can be seen from this aspect
    • Mandibular 2nd premolar:
      • With 1 lingual cusp: Lingual cusp is smaller than buccal cusp, but larger than lingual cusp of 1st premolar
      • With 2 lingual cusps:
        • ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp
        • Lingual groove between ML and DL cusps, and onto the lingual crown surface

    Marginal Ridges

    • Mandibular 1st premolar:
      • Mesial marginal ridge (MMR) is more apical than the distal marginal ridge
      • Only tooth in the mouth where the mesial marginal ridge is more apical than the distal marginal ridge
    • Mandibular 2nd premolar:
      • Mesial marginal ridge (MMR) is more occlusal than the distal marginal ridge (as found in all other teeth)

    Occlusal Aspect

    • Mandibular 1st premolar:
      • Outline: Mesial and distal marginal ridges may converge lingually
      • Ridges, Fossae, Grooves:
        • Due to size of cusp, the buccal triangular ridge is long
        • Joins the shorter lingual triangular ridge
        • Often may meet smoothly and form a uninterrupted transverse ridge
      • Fossae:
        • Possess a mesial and distal fossa
        • Both are irregular or circular, not triangular
        • Both possess pits
        • Distal fossa is usually larger and/or deeper

    2nd Premolar Variations

    • Two-cusp version:
      • Crown is round or oval shaped with a square occlusal table
      • There is slightly more bulk in the mesial half buccolingually than in the distal half
      • Ridges, Fossae, Grooves:
        • Lingual cusp smaller than buccal cusp
        • Possess more supplemental grooves than first premolars
        • Also has a smaller triangular ridge
      • Groove:
        • Possess a curved central groove with no lingual groove
        • This groove can be fairly straight
    • Three-cusp version:
      • When lingual cusps are large, the occlusal surface is broader on the lingual
      • Often have greater bulk buccolingually in the distal not the mesial
      • Ridges, Fossae, Grooves:
        • Possess three triangular ridges converging toward the central fossa
        • There is no transverse ridge
        • Central fossa (unique) shifted towards the distal
        • Lacks a central groove
        • Mesial groove present
      • Lingual groove:
        • Separates the two lingual cusps
        • Completes the Y-shaped occlusal groove pattern

    Proximal Aspect

    • Mandibular 1st premolar:
      • Mesial View:
        • Proximal aspects have Mesial Rhomboid shape
        • With narrow occlusal table and prominent lingual inclination
      • Distal Aspect:
        • Outlines of proximal aspects
        • Buccal outline is convex with maximum convexity at C 1/3 representing cervical ridge
        • Lingual outline is convex with maximum convexity at middle 1/3
        • Cervical line curves occlusally and less curved distally
      • Occlusal margin:
        • The two cusps are not on the same level
        • The lingual cusp is shorter by 1/3 length of crown
        • The buccal cusp is centered over the root
        • This is due to the prominent lingual inclination
        • The lingual cusp tip is in line with lingual border of the root
      • Mesial Marginal Ridge (MMR) and Distal Marginal Ridge (DMR):
        • Inclined from B to L surface, parallel to B cusp ridge
        • Straight and at right angle to the axis of the tooth
        • DMR is more occlusal than MMR (unique characteristic of this tooth)
      • Proximal surface anatomy:
        • M & D surfaces are smooth and convex, except for a concave area cervical to contact area
        • Mesio Lingual developmental groove present at the junction of Lingual and Mesial surfaces

    Root Depressions

    • Mandibular 2nd premolar:
      • Have a distal root depression in the middle third of the root
      • NO mesial depression

    Distinguishing Characteristics

    • Generally speaking:

      • The mandibular 1st premolar has a longer crown and a shorter root than the 2nd premolar
      • The mandibular 1st premolar is longer overall than the 2nd### Mandibular 2nd Premolar

    • Root has a distal depression in the middle third, but no mesial depression

    • Mesial surface of root is more convex

    • Root surface is smooth and flat with a deep developmental groove

    • Proximal aspect: height of contour is at the junction of the cervical and middle 1/3 on the buccal side and middle 1/3 on the lingual side

    • Distolingual cusp is smaller, so more of the occlusal surface is seen from the distal aspect

    Mandibular 1st Premolar

    • Occlusal aspect: outline is not symmetrical, more bulky on the distal side
    • Mesiolingual corner appears as if it has been pushed inward
    • Tip of the buccal cusp is near the center from the occlusal view
    • Lacks a prominent buccal ridge
    • Cusp ridges are nearly straight lines
    • Crown is somewhat diamond-shaped, converging lingually
    • Shape of the crown is asymmetrical
    • Mesiolingual groove is frequently seen only on the mandibular 1st premolar
    • Crown tilts more lingually than the mandibular 2nd premolar

    Proximal Aspect of Mandibular Premolars

    • Crown shape is rhomboid
    • Crowns of both premolars tilt lingually
    • Proximal aspects have a mesial rhomboid shape with a narrow occlusal table and prominent lingual inclination
    • Distal aspect outlines: mesial and distal aspects have different outlines
    • Mesial aspect: buccal outline is convex with maximum convexity at the cervical 1/3
    • Lingual outline is convex with maximum convexity at the middle 1/3
    • Cervical line curves occlusally and less curved distally

    Mesial and Distal Aspects

    • Occlusal margin: two cusps are not on the same level, lingual cusp is shorter by 1/3 length of the crown
    • Buccal cusp is centered over the root due to the prominent lingual inclination
    • Lingual cusp tip is in line with the lingual border of the root
    • Mesial marginal ridge (MMR) is inclined from buccal to lingual surface, parallel to the buccal cusp ridge
    • Distal marginal ridge (DMR) is straight and at right angle to the axis of the tooth, more occlusal than MMR

    Proximal Surface Anatomy

    • Mesio-lingual developmental groove is present at the junction of lingual and mesial surfaces
    • M & D surfaces are smooth and convex, except for a concave area cervical to the contact area

    Lingual Aspect of Mandibular Premolars

    • Crown shape: mandibular first premolar crown tapers (converges) to the lingual (narrower on the lingual side than the buccal)
    • Mandibular 2nd premolar: crown tapers to the lingual, or is as wide or wider mesiodistally than the buccal
    • Lingual cusp size and shape:
      • Mandibular 1st premolar: lingual cusp is small and pointed
      • Mandibular 2nd premolar with 1 lingual cusp: lingual cusp is smaller than the buccal cusp, but larger than the lingual cusp of the 1st premolar
      • Mandibular 2nd premolar with 2 lingual cusps: ML cusp is larger than the DL cusp, with the lingual groove between them and onto the lingual crown surface
    • Marginal ridges:
      • Mandibular 1st premolar: mesial marginal ridge is more apical than the distal marginal ridge
      • Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial marginal ridge is more occlusal than the distal marginal ridge

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    Mandibular Premolars 3 PDF

    Description

    Learn about the characteristics of the occlusal surface of the mandibular second premolar, including the three-cusp version, ridges, fossae, and grooves. Understand the differences between the mesial and distal aspects.

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