Obstructive Shock
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following observations should be made when monitoring the patient?

  • ECG activity (correct)
  • Eye color
  • Muscle strength
  • Hair length

    • What technique is shown in Figure 1.206A?

  • Mouth-to-mouth respiration
  • External cardiac massage (correct)
  • Pulse measurement
  • Blood pressure measurement

    • How should the patient's nose be held during mouth-to-mouth respiration?

  • Not necessary to hold the nose
  • With the left hand
  • With the right hand (correct)
  • With both hands

    • Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Cardiac tamponade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of hypoxia in shock?

    <p>Conversion of aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of obstructive shock?

    <p>Aortic stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the last to become underperfused in shock?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels and can be treated with vasoconstrictor drugs?

    <p>Neurogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is caused by gram-negative bacterial infections and commonly seen in gastrointestinal fistulas and diabetic wounds?

    <p>Septic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common point of infection for gram-negative bacteria that can cause septic shock?

    <p>Gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main indication for oxygen therapy?

    <p>Chest injuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>To treat carbon monoxide poisoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical period after cardiac arrest before brain death occurs?

    <p>3 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of distributive shock?

    <p>Acute adrenal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of shock is characterized by the failure of compensatory mechanisms?

    <p>Stage of decompensatory (progressive) shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Spinal cord injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of septic shock?

    <p>Altered cellular oxygen metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Cardiac compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Reduction in total blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels?

    <p>Distributive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following observations should NOT be made when monitoring the patient?

    <p>Pupillary reaction sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique shown in Figure 1.206B?

    <p>Mouth-to-mouth respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the lower jaw be positioned during mouth-to-mouth respiration?

    <p>Pushed forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Hypoxia and circulatory collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of internal open cardiac massage?

    <p>To manage cardiac arrest during surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Cerebral gas embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of steps for defibrillation technique?

    <p>Activate defibrillator, apply gelly, place electrodes, resume ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of vasovagal shock?

    <p>Dilatation of peripheral and splanchnic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Severe bleeding on the surgical table</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of septic shock?

    <p>Bleeding from all organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

    <p>Vasodilatation and decreased vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of shock is characterized by the failure of compensatory mechanisms?

    <p>Stage of decompensatory (progressive) shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of septic shock?

    <p>Bacterial infections releasing toxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following observations should be made when monitoring the patient?

    <p>Blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is shown in Figure 1.206A?

    <p>External cardiac massage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is shown in Figure 1.206B?

    <p>Mouth-to-mouth respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Cardiac compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Decreased vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of obstructive shock?

    <p>Obstruction of blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of shock is characterized by the failure of compensatory mechanisms?

    <p>Stage of decompensatory shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of obstructive shock?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

    <p>Dilatation of splanchnic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

    <p>Cardiogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Haemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for oxygen therapy?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Cerebral gas embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock?

    <p>Fluid loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

    <p>Obstructive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Reduction in total blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which observation should NOT be made when monitoring the patient?

    <p>Pupillary reaction sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique shown in Figure 1.206A?

    <p>External cardiac massage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the patient's nose be held during mouth-to-mouth respiration?

    <p>With the right hand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Acute adrenal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of septic shock?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Spinal cord injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

    <p>Decreased vascular resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Radiosensitizer in cancer treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of septic shock?

    <p>Clostridium tetani/welchii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of vasovagal shock?

    <p>Sudden dilatation of peripheral and splanchnic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Trauma to heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Cardiac compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

    <p>Hypoperfusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

    <p>Decreased cardiac output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Severe bleeding during thyroid surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of neurogenic shock?

    <p>Spinal cord injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for oxygen therapy?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of septic shock?

    <p>Clostridium tetani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Cardiac dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of crush syndrome?

    <p>Crushing of muscles causing extravasation of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial effect of crush syndrome on the muscle compartment?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended urinary pH until urine does not show any myoglobin in crush syndrome?

    <p>Above 6.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should fasciotomy be done in crush injury cases?

    <p>Immediately after the crush injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Respiratory causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels?

    <p>Distributive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of septic shock?

    <p>Bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

    <p>Cardiac compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of shock?

    <p>Endocrine shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to dilatation of splanchnic vessels?

    <p>Distributive shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels and can be treated with vasoconstrictor drugs?

    <p>Neurogenic shock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of hypovolaemic shock?

    <p>Hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of hypoxia in shock?

    <p>Activation of anaerobic metabolism leading to lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of distributive shock?

    <p>Adrenal crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of compensatory shock?

    <p>Neuroendocrine response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of irreversible shock?

    <p>Cellular ATP metabolism loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

    <p>Arteriovenous shunting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Pulmonary embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

    <p>Cerebral gas embolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

    <p>Hypovolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of septic shock?

    <p>Gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an effect of crush syndrome?

    <p>Extensive tissue loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended urinary pH in crush syndrome until urine does not show any myoglobin?

    <p>Between 7 and 7.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of degloving injuries?

    <p>Shearing force between tissue planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of scar formation?

    <p>Inadequate blood supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

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