Obstructive Shock
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following observations should be made when monitoring the patient?

  • ECG activity (correct)
  • Eye color
  • Muscle strength
  • Hair length

What technique is shown in Figure 1.206A?

  • Mouth-to-mouth respiration
  • External cardiac massage (correct)
  • Pulse measurement
  • Blood pressure measurement

How should the patient's nose be held during mouth-to-mouth respiration?

  • Not necessary to hold the nose
  • With the left hand
  • With the right hand (correct)
  • With both hands

Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Cardiac tamponade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of hypoxia in shock?

<p>Conversion of aerobic metabolism to anaerobic metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

<p>Cardiogenic shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of obstructive shock?

<p>Aortic stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the last to become underperfused in shock?

<p>Brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels and can be treated with vasoconstrictor drugs?

<p>Neurogenic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is caused by gram-negative bacterial infections and commonly seen in gastrointestinal fistulas and diabetic wounds?

<p>Septic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common point of infection for gram-negative bacteria that can cause septic shock?

<p>Gastrointestinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for oxygen therapy?

<p>Chest injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>To treat carbon monoxide poisoning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the critical period after cardiac arrest before brain death occurs?

<p>3 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of distributive shock?

<p>Acute adrenal insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of shock is characterized by the failure of compensatory mechanisms?

<p>Stage of decompensatory (progressive) shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of neurogenic shock?

<p>Spinal cord injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of septic shock?

<p>Altered cellular oxygen metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

<p>Cardiac compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Reduction in total blood volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels?

<p>Distributive shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observations should NOT be made when monitoring the patient?

<p>Pupillary reaction sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique shown in Figure 1.206B?

<p>Mouth-to-mouth respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the lower jaw be positioned during mouth-to-mouth respiration?

<p>Pushed forward (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of cardiac arrest?

<p>Hypoxia and circulatory collapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of internal open cardiac massage?

<p>To manage cardiac arrest during surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Cerebral gas embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps for defibrillation technique?

<p>Activate defibrillator, apply gelly, place electrodes, resume ventilation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

<p>Decreased cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of vasovagal shock?

<p>Dilatation of peripheral and splanchnic vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Severe bleeding on the surgical table (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of septic shock?

<p>Bleeding from all organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Haemorrhage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

<p>Vasodilatation and decreased vascular resistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of shock is characterized by the failure of compensatory mechanisms?

<p>Stage of decompensatory (progressive) shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of septic shock?

<p>Bacterial infections releasing toxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observations should be made when monitoring the patient?

<p>Blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and temperature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is shown in Figure 1.206A?

<p>External cardiac massage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technique is shown in Figure 1.206B?

<p>Mouth-to-mouth respiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Cardiac compression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

<p>Cardiogenic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of neurogenic shock?

<p>Decreased vascular resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of obstructive shock?

<p>Obstruction of blood flow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of shock is characterized by the failure of compensatory mechanisms?

<p>Stage of decompensatory shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of obstructive shock?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

<p>Dilatation of splanchnic vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

<p>Cardiogenic shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Haemorrhage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for oxygen therapy?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Cerebral gas embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

<p>Hypovolemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypovolemic shock?

<p>Fluid loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to cardiac compression?

<p>Obstructive shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Reduction in total blood volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation should NOT be made when monitoring the patient?

<p>Pupillary reaction sounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the technique shown in Figure 1.206A?

<p>External cardiac massage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the patient's nose be held during mouth-to-mouth respiration?

<p>With the right hand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Acute adrenal insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of septic shock?

<p>Infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of neurogenic shock?

<p>Spinal cord injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

<p>Decreased vascular resistance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Radiosensitizer in cancer treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cardiac arrest?

<p>Hypoxia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Respiratory depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of septic shock?

<p>Clostridium tetani/welchii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

<p>Decreased cardiac output (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of neurogenic shock?

<p>Decreased cardiac output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of vasovagal shock?

<p>Sudden dilatation of peripheral and splanchnic vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of neurogenic shock?

<p>Trauma to heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

<p>Cardiac compression (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of distributive shock?

<p>Hypoperfusion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

<p>Decreased cardiac output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Severe bleeding during thyroid surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of neurogenic shock?

<p>Spinal cord injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for oxygen therapy?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Hypoxia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of septic shock?

<p>Clostridium tetani (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cardiogenic shock?

<p>Cardiac dysfunction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of crush syndrome?

<p>Crushing of muscles causing extravasation of blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial effect of crush syndrome on the muscle compartment?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended urinary pH until urine does not show any myoglobin in crush syndrome?

<p>Above 6.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should fasciotomy be done in crush injury cases?

<p>Immediately after the crush injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Respiratory causes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels?

<p>Distributive shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

<p>Bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

<p>Cardiac compression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of shock?

<p>Endocrine shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by inadequate perfusion due to dilatation of splanchnic vessels?

<p>Distributive shock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of shock is characterized by dilatation of splanchnic vessels and can be treated with vasoconstrictor drugs?

<p>Neurogenic shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacterial infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of hypovolaemic shock?

<p>Hemorrhage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of hypoxia in shock?

<p>Activation of anaerobic metabolism leading to lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of distributive shock?

<p>Adrenal crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of compensatory shock?

<p>Neuroendocrine response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of irreversible shock?

<p>Cellular ATP metabolism loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of obstructive shock?

<p>Arteriovenous shunting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an indication for hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Pulmonary embolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main complication of hyperbaric oxygen therapy?

<p>Cerebral gas embolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of cardiogenic shock?

<p>Hypovolemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of septic shock?

<p>Gram-negative bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an effect of crush syndrome?

<p>Extensive tissue loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended urinary pH in crush syndrome until urine does not show any myoglobin?

<p>Between 7 and 7.5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of degloving injuries?

<p>Shearing force between tissue planes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of scar formation?

<p>Inadequate blood supply (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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