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Questions and Answers
Which condition is characterized by irreversible enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their wall without obvious fibrosis?
Which condition is characterized by irreversible enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their wall without obvious fibrosis?
- Chronic bronchitis
- Emphysema (correct)
- Bronchiectasis
- Asthma
What is the 4th leading cause of death in the USA?
What is the 4th leading cause of death in the USA?
- Chronic interstitial pulmonary diseases
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (correct)
- Emphysema
- Obstructive pulmonary diseases
What is the estimated percentage of heavy smokers who develop COPD?
What is the estimated percentage of heavy smokers who develop COPD?
- 50-70%
- 80%
- 35-50% (correct)
- 10%
Which factor contributes to 80% of COPD cases?
Which factor contributes to 80% of COPD cases?
What is the main pathology in emphysema?
What is the main pathology in emphysema?
Which lung disease is characterized by an increase in resistance to flow due to partial/complete obstruction at any level from trachea to respiratory bronchioles?
Which lung disease is characterized by an increase in resistance to flow due to partial/complete obstruction at any level from trachea to respiratory bronchioles?
What is the etiology of asthma?
What is the etiology of asthma?
Which lung disease is caused by inhalation of coal particles and other forms of dust?
Which lung disease is caused by inhalation of coal particles and other forms of dust?
What is the characteristic feature of chronic interstitial pulmonary diseases?
What is the characteristic feature of chronic interstitial pulmonary diseases?
What is the most innocuous form of pathology associated with coal workers' lung disease?
What is the most innocuous form of pathology associated with coal workers' lung disease?
What is the pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
What is the pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Which lung disease is caused by inhalation of proinflammatory crystalline silicon dioxide?
Which lung disease is caused by inhalation of proinflammatory crystalline silicon dioxide?
What is the leading risk factor for COPD?
What is the leading risk factor for COPD?
Which lung disease is associated with the presence of asbestos bodies and diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis?
Which lung disease is associated with the presence of asbestos bodies and diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis?
Which lung disease is characterized by systemic granulomatous involvement of unknown origin?
Which lung disease is characterized by systemic granulomatous involvement of unknown origin?
Which lung disease is more likely to cause mesothelioma when caused by amphibole form?
Which lung disease is more likely to cause mesothelioma when caused by amphibole form?
Which lung disease is associated with aberrant expansion of CD4+ T cells and increased TH1 cytokines?
Which lung disease is associated with aberrant expansion of CD4+ T cells and increased TH1 cytokines?
Which lung disease is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas and asteroid bodies?
Which lung disease is characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas and asteroid bodies?
Which lung disease is associated with pleural plaques of collagen and dyspnea on exertion?
Which lung disease is associated with pleural plaques of collagen and dyspnea on exertion?
Which lung disease is characterized by the presence of coalescent collagenous silicotic nodules?
Which lung disease is characterized by the presence of coalescent collagenous silicotic nodules?
Which of the following is a symptom of COPD?
Which of the following is a symptom of COPD?
What is the main cause of chronic bronchitis?
What is the main cause of chronic bronchitis?
Which type of asthma is triggered by allergens?
Which type of asthma is triggered by allergens?
What is the main cause of occupational asthma?
What is the main cause of occupational asthma?
What is the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis?
What is the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis?
What is a trigger for asthma?
What is a trigger for asthma?
How is non-atopic asthma diagnosed?
How is non-atopic asthma diagnosed?
What is a symptom of emphysema?
What is a symptom of emphysema?
What causes drug-induced asthma in about 10% of asthma patients?
What causes drug-induced asthma in about 10% of asthma patients?
How is atopic asthma diagnosed?
How is atopic asthma diagnosed?
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Study Notes
Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases: COPD and Asthma
- Emphysema leads to loss of elastic tissue from alveolar walls
- COPD symptomatic presentation includes dyspnea, weight loss, barrel-chested appearance, breathing through pursed lips, prolonged expiration, wheezing, and cough
- Chronic bronchitis is defined by excessive mucus production in the bronchial tree and is mainly caused by cigarette smoking
- Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis involves lumen occlusion, inflammation, airway wall thickening, fibrosis, and decreased ciliary function
- Chronic bronchitis patient presentation includes dyspnea, frequent cough and sputum, substantial drop in PaO2, and increased PaCO2
- Asthma is a disorder of the conducting airways caused by immunological reactions, leading to episodic bronchoconstriction
- Asthma triggers include respiratory infections, irritants, cold air, exercise, and stress
- Asthma types include atopic, non-atopic, drug-induced, and occupational
- Atopic asthma is triggered by allergens and diagnosed through skin tests and increased IgE levels
- Non-atopic asthma is triggered by infections, smoking, and air pollutants, and has negative skin test results and no increase in serum IgE
- Drug-induced asthma is caused by aspirin and affects about 10% of asthma patients
- Occupational asthma is triggered by fumes, dusts, and chemicals, diagnosed through decreased FEV1/FVC, and treated by allergen avoidance, beta-adrenergic agents, and glucocorticoids
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