Obstetrics and Pregnancy Complications

• Monochorionic monoamniotic twins carry the highest risk
• Dichorionic diamniotic twins carry the lowest risk
• Fraternal twins can only be diamniotic dichorionic
• PROM usually leads to labor within 7 days
• Ectopic pregnancy can occur

Gestational Diabetes

• A1 can be controlled with diet and exercise without medication
• A2 requires insulin

Macrosomnia

• Macrosomnia refers to big babies
• Macrosomnia can cause shoulder dystocia
• It could be necessary to snap the clavicle to get them out
• Induction can be considered at 39 weeks to prevent having a big baby
• Placenta previa presents as low lying with bright red painless bleeding
• Placenta abruption involves the placenta pulling away from the wall
• Placenta accreta occurs when the placenta grows through the uterine wall
• No vaginal birth can occur if full placental previa is present
• Placenta abruption compromises fetal blood supply
• Placenta abruption can be caused by an unknown cause
• Placenta abruption presents as dark red, painful bleeding
• Trauma caused restores blood loss
• BPP shows the baby

Overview of obstetric complications including twin types and risks. Also covers gestational diabetes and macrosomia and its impact on delivery. Placenta previa, abruption, and accreta are also discussed with their effects on pregnancy and delivery.