Obstetrics and Gynecology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What should be done if the delivery does not occur within 10 minutes?

  • Continue with the delivery procedures.
  • Contact medical direction for permission to transport. (correct)
  • Move to a hospital without delay.
  • Immediately transport without permission.

    • What should you do if the amniotic sac has not broken during delivery?

  • Use a clamp to puncture the sac. (correct)
  • Wait for natural rupture before proceeding.
  • Push the sac away with your fingers.
  • Leave it intact until birth is complete.

    • When determining if the umbilical cord is around the infant's neck during delivery, what should be the appropriate action?

  • Slip it over the shoulder or clamp, cut and unwrap. (correct)
  • Do nothing if the cord is present.
  • Clamp the cord immediately and cut it.
  • Pull the cord gently to release it.

    • What is the appropriate way to handle the mother after the infant is born?

    <p>Place a sterile pad over the vaginal opening. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if excessive vaginal bleeding occurs after delivery?

    <p>Massage the uterus with fingers fully extended. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a rupture before childbirth commonly signify?

    <p>The patient's water has broken (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary event that characterizes the second stage of labor?

    <p>The fetus entering the birth canal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes crowning during labor?

    <p>The head or presenting part of the fetus is visible (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the third stage of labor?

    <p>Delivery of the baby and the placenta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of labor does the bloody show occur?

    <p>First stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should be present to assist the mother during labor contractions?

    <p>Father, friend, husband, or EMT (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically the presenting part during birth?

    <p>The head of the fetus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical sensation does the mother experience with contractions?

    <p>Pain that ceases during relaxation of the uterus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is labor generally divided?

    <p>Into three stages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the uterus during childbirth?

    <p>To facilitate labor and expulsion of the infant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cervix play in the process of delivery?

    <p>It dilates to allow the fetus to pass through (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is part of the birth canal?

    <p>Vagina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the placenta during pregnancy?

    <p>To exchange nourishment and waste between mother and fetus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly found in the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus?

    <p>1-2 liters of amniotic fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the perineum during childbirth?

    <p>It often tears due to pressure from the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication involves the fetus's position in the birth canal?

    <p>Breech presentation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item is not typically found in a childbirth delivery kit?

    <p>Emergency medical supplies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key indicator of abruptio placenta during an emergency assessment?

    <p>Severe abdominal pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy, what is one of the first steps in care?

    <p>Size-up the situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a patient experiencing a seizure during pregnancy be transported?

    <p>On the left side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with placenta previa?

    <p>Loss of blood with each contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the management of a miscarriage?

    <p>Size-up and initial assessment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with fetal tissues in case of a miscarriage?

    <p>Transport them to the hospital (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy?

    <p>Application of vaginal pads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary assessment should be conducted in the case of seizure during pregnancy?

    <p>Assess baseline vitals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which item from a childbirth delivery kit can be used to clear an infant's airways?

    <p>Bulb syringe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for transporting pregnant patients to reduce pressure on the circulatory system?

    <p>On their left side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor to assess during the focused history for delivery?

    <p>Mother's favorite food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if delivery is imminent and crowning is occurring?

    <p>Contact medical direction for advice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precaution is advised during a normal delivery?

    <p>Use body substance isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should trauma cases be assessed according to the guidelines?

    <p>Size-up, initial assessment, and baseline vitals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates that delivery may be imminent?

    <p>Crowning is occurring with contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about transporting an expectant mother?

    <p>Immediate delivery should always occur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided during the care of an expectant mother?

    <p>Touching the vaginal area unless during delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial step when caring for a trauma patient?

    <p>Perform a size-up of the situation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation should an expectant mother NOT be allowed to go to the bathroom?

    <p>If she feels the urge to push (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Uterus function

    The organ where a fetus develops and is responsible for labor and expulsion of the infant.

    Cervix function

    The neck of the uterus; dilates to allow the baby to pass through.

    Birth canal components

    The vagina and lower part of the uterus.

    Perineum function

    Skin area between vagina and anus, often tears during childbirth.

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    Fetus

    The developing unborn baby.

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    Umbilical cord purpose

    Connects the fetus to the placenta; delivers nourishment.

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    Placenta Description

    Fetal organ facilitating nutrient exchange and waste removal.

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    What is labor?

    The process of bringing a baby into the world.

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    How many stages of labor are there?

    Three.

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    First Stage of Labor

    Starts with regular contractions and ends when the baby enters the birth canal. The cervix dilates to about 10cm.

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    Bloody Show

    A mixture of mucus and blood that passes through the vagina during the first stage of labor.

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    Second Stage

    Starts when the baby enters the birth canal and ends with the baby's birth.

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    Presenting Part

    The part of the baby that comes out first during birth, usually the head.

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    Crowning

    The baby's head or presenting part bulges out of the vagina, indicating imminent delivery.

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    Third Stage

    Starts after the baby is born and ends with the delivery of the placenta.

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    Pain during Labor

    The mother experiences pain with each contraction. The pain subsides as the uterus relaxes.

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    Miscarriage

    A spontaneous abortion, the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks.

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    Seizure during pregnancy

    A sudden, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain, causing convulsions during pregnancy.

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    Preeclampsia

    A serious pregnancy condition involving high blood pressure and protein in the urine.

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    Vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy

    Bleeding from the vagina after 20 weeks of pregnancy.

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    Abruptio placenta

    A serious condition where the placenta detaches prematurely from the uterine wall.

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    Placenta previa

    When the placenta covers the cervix, causing bleeding during pregnancy.

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    Size-up

    A quick assessment of the situation in an emergency, including scene safety and number of patients.

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    Initial Assessment

    Rapid evaluation of a patient's vital signs and injuries, including airway, breathing, and circulation.

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    Baseline Vitals

    Measurements of a patient's vital signs (heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, temperature) in a stable state.

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    External vaginal pads

    Pads applied externally to the vagina to absorb blood or fluids.

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    Explosive Delivery

    A rapid, uncontrolled birth of the infant, potentially causing injury to the mother or baby.

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    Umbilical Cord Around Neck

    When the umbilical cord wraps around the infant's neck during birth.

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    Postpartum Bleeding

    Normal vaginal bleeding after delivery, usually up to 500cc of blood loss.

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    Uterine Massage

    A technique used to contract the uterus and control postpartum bleeding.

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    Predelivery Patient Transport

    Transporting pregnant patients on their left side reduces pressure on the circulatory system, easing fetal strain.

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    Trauma Care in Pregnancy

    Emergency care for pregnant trauma patients includes size-up, initial assessment, history, physical exam, vitals, treatment based on signs and symptoms, and transport on the left side.

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    Transporting Expectant Mothers

    Generally, transport an expectant mother unless delivery is expected within minutes.

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    Delivery Imminence Clues

    Ask questions to determine if delivery is imminent: pregnancy duration, contractions, pain, bleeding, crowning, pressure, pushing, rock-hard abdomen.

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    Body Substance Isolation (Predelivery)

    Always use body substance isolation precautions during a potential delivery.

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    Vaginal Touching During Delivery

    Only touch the vaginal area during delivery and when your partner is present.

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    Bathroom Restrictions During Labor

    Do not let the mother go to the bathroom during labor.

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    Holding Legs Together During Delivery

    Do not hold the mother's legs together during delivery.

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    Recognizing Limitations During Delivery

    Recognize your own limitations and transport even if delivery occurs during transport.

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    Medical Direction During Delivery

    Contact medical direction for a decision to commit to delivery on site if crowning indicates imminent birth.

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    Study Notes

    Obstetrics and Gynecology

    • This presentation covers various aspects of obstetrics and gynecology, including reproductive anatomy and physiology, labor, childbirth kits, predelivery emergencies, and normal/abnormal deliveries.
    • It also discusses gynecological emergencies, which occur in non-pregnant women.
    • Key components of the childbirth delivery kit are surgical scissors, hemostats, umbilical tape/cord, bulb syringe, towels, gauze sponges, sterile gloves, a baby blanket, sanitary napkins, and a plastic bag.
    • Predelivary emergencies detailed include miscarriage (spontaneous abortion), seizure during pregnancy, vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy, and trauma.
    • Abnormal deliveries involve prolapsed cord, breech presentation, limb presentation, multiple births, meconium passage, and premature birth.
    • Gynecological emergencies include vaginal bleeding, trauma to external genitalia, and sexual assault.

    Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology

    • The uterus is the organ where a fetus develops.
    • It's responsible for labor and the expulsion of the infant.
    • The cervix is the neck of the uterus, containing a mucus plug that dilates to allow the fetus to pass through.
    • The vagina forms the lower part of the birth canal.
    • The perineum is the skin between the vagina and the anus, susceptible to tears during childbirth.
    • The placenta is a fetal organ responsible for nutrient and waste exchange between the fetus and mother during pregnancy.
    • The amniotic sac, containing fluid, surrounds the fetus in the uterus.

    Labor

    • Labor is the process by which babies are born and is generally divided into three stages.
    • The first stage involves regular uterine contractions, cervical dilation, and potential bloody show.
    • The second stage begins when the fetus enters the birth canal and ends with the baby's birth.
    • Crowning is the visible bulging of the fetus' head or presenting part in the vagina, signaling imminent delivery.
    • The third stage of labor involves delivering the placenta after the baby.

    Predelivary Emergencies

    • Miscarriage is an emergency requiring emergency medical care, size-up, initial assessment, and history and physical exam.
    • During a seizure, the assessment, treatment and transport is based on signs and symptoms.
    • Vaginal bleeding in late pregnancy necessitates emergency medical care, size-up, initial assessment, history and physical exam, and treatment based on signs and symptoms.
    • Trauma during pregnancy and childbirth is handled with emergency medical care, size-up, initial assessment, history and physical exam, and treatment dependent on signs and symptoms.

    Normal Deliveries

    • The presentation details pre-delivery considerations, focused delivery history, precautions, delivery procedure, initial care of the newborn, and further instructions to follow.

    Abnormal Deliveries

    • Prolapsed cord, breech presentation, limb presentation, and multiple births are critical abnormal delivery situations.
    • Meconium passage and premature birth are also abnormal delivery situations.

    Gynecological Emergencies

    • Gynecological emergencies, common in non-pregnant women, include vaginal bleeding, trauma to external genitalia, and sexual assault.
    • Vaginal bleeding can have various causes (e.g., pain, no pain, some pain), and a thorough history is crucial (e.g., pregnancy status, blood color, pad count).
    • Trauma to external genitalia needs to be treated as any other soft tissue injury, and the patient needs to be calmed and reassured.
    • Sexual assault is treated like other injuries, while preserving evidence is paramount.

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    Chapter 25 Obstetrics PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in obstetrics and gynecology, focusing on reproductive anatomy, labor and childbirth, and various emergencies during pregnancy and gynecological situations. It highlights important components of childbirth kits and discusses both normal and abnormal delivery scenarios. Prepare to test your knowledge on these critical topics in women's health.

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