Podcast
Questions and Answers
What should be done if a newborn's Apgar score is less than 7?
What should be done if a newborn's Apgar score is less than 7?
- Do nothing unless there are visible signs of distress.
- Monitor the baby once every hour for the first day.
- Repeat the Apgar score every 5 minutes until 20 minutes after birth. (correct)
- Immediately initiate neonatal resuscitation regardless of condition.
In cases of postpartum hemorrhage, which intervention should NOT be performed?
In cases of postpartum hemorrhage, which intervention should NOT be performed?
- Continue uterine massage.
- Encourage the woman to breastfeed.
- Pack dressings into the vagina. (correct)
- Transport immediately while stabilizing the patient.
When is epinephrine preferred to be administered during neonatal resuscitation?
When is epinephrine preferred to be administered during neonatal resuscitation?
- If chest compressions alone improve the bradycardia.
- If the newborn's pulse is noted to be above 60 beats/min.
- If ventilation and chest compressions do not improve pulse rate. (correct)
- If the newborn's pulse is greater than 100 beats/min.
What characterizes placenta previa based on the information provided?
What characterizes placenta previa based on the information provided?
Which symptom is typically associated with an ectopic pregnancy?
Which symptom is typically associated with an ectopic pregnancy?
During which trimester is the uterus least likely to be damaged from trauma?
During which trimester is the uterus least likely to be damaged from trauma?
In cases of abruptio placenta, what examination finding may NOT be present?
In cases of abruptio placenta, what examination finding may NOT be present?
What poses the greatest danger of hemorrhage in the third trimester?
What poses the greatest danger of hemorrhage in the third trimester?
What should be performed if a newborn's pulse rate is less than 60 beats/min?
What should be performed if a newborn's pulse rate is less than 60 beats/min?
What is a common characteristic of the second and third trimesters regarding trauma?
What is a common characteristic of the second and third trimesters regarding trauma?
What is the first sign a patient with abruptio placenta is likely to report?
What is the first sign a patient with abruptio placenta is likely to report?
What is the initial step when a fetus presents in a breech position and delivery is imminent?
What is the initial step when a fetus presents in a breech position and delivery is imminent?
What maneuver involves hyperflexing the woman's legs tightly to her abdomen to address shoulder dystocia?
What maneuver involves hyperflexing the woman's legs tightly to her abdomen to address shoulder dystocia?
What major risk is associated with shoulder dystocia during delivery?
What major risk is associated with shoulder dystocia during delivery?
What action should be taken to manage a prolapsed umbilical cord?
What action should be taken to manage a prolapsed umbilical cord?
What characterizes early postpartum hemorrhage?
What characterizes early postpartum hemorrhage?
Which sign might be more challenging to interpret in pregnant patients experiencing trauma?
Which sign might be more challenging to interpret in pregnant patients experiencing trauma?
What should be done immediately upon the arrival of a newborn if delivery occurs in an ambulance?
What should be done immediately upon the arrival of a newborn if delivery occurs in an ambulance?
What potential complication arises from a nuchal cord during delivery?
What potential complication arises from a nuchal cord during delivery?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of hypovolemia in pregnant patients?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of hypovolemia in pregnant patients?
What finding may indicate compromised circulation in a patient?
What finding may indicate compromised circulation in a patient?
What can cause hypotension and orthostatic changes in patients?
What can cause hypotension and orthostatic changes in patients?
What indication might tachypnea provide about a patient's condition?
What indication might tachypnea provide about a patient's condition?
Which of the following factors can influence pharmacokinetics?
Which of the following factors can influence pharmacokinetics?
What may be suggested by marked blood pressure changes in older patients?
What may be suggested by marked blood pressure changes in older patients?
What is a likely toxic effect of polypharmacy?
What is a likely toxic effect of polypharmacy?
Which condition could result from improper administration of medications?
Which condition could result from improper administration of medications?
What does taking inappropriate medication signify in the context of noncompliance?
What does taking inappropriate medication signify in the context of noncompliance?
Which condition is least likely to contribute to the development of systolic hypertension in older adults?
Which condition is least likely to contribute to the development of systolic hypertension in older adults?
How can decreased glucose tolerance affect patients on diuretics?
How can decreased glucose tolerance affect patients on diuretics?
What is the implication of finding carotid bruits during an assessment?
What is the implication of finding carotid bruits during an assessment?
What potential result may arise from a failing SA node in elderly individuals?
What potential result may arise from a failing SA node in elderly individuals?
What is a key symptom of Ménière disease?
What is a key symptom of Ménière disease?
Which of the following best describes a consequence of impaired homeostatic mechanisms with aging?
Which of the following best describes a consequence of impaired homeostatic mechanisms with aging?
What is a common musculoskeletal change seen in older adults?
What is a common musculoskeletal change seen in older adults?
What is a consequence of ill-fitting dentures in elderly patients?
What is a consequence of ill-fitting dentures in elderly patients?
Which factor does NOT influence breathing effectiveness in geriatric patients?
Which factor does NOT influence breathing effectiveness in geriatric patients?
What hormonal change is associated with menopause?
What hormonal change is associated with menopause?
Which statement regarding sensory changes in older adults is accurate?
Which statement regarding sensory changes in older adults is accurate?
What assessment approach should be used for elderly patients?
What assessment approach should be used for elderly patients?
Which factor significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in burn patients?
Which factor significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in burn patients?
What physiological change may contribute to slower heat gain/loss in individuals?
What physiological change may contribute to slower heat gain/loss in individuals?
Which factor contributes to older adults being at a higher risk of trauma?
Which factor contributes to older adults being at a higher risk of trauma?
What condition can complicate fluid replacement during trauma management?
What condition can complicate fluid replacement during trauma management?
What should be checked prior to assessing the mechanism of injury in a trauma patient?
What should be checked prior to assessing the mechanism of injury in a trauma patient?
What is a significant reason for less favorable outcomes in trauma cases among geriatric patients?
What is a significant reason for less favorable outcomes in trauma cases among geriatric patients?
Which demographic is most at risk for hypothermia-related deaths?
Which demographic is most at risk for hypothermia-related deaths?
At what point is successful treatment of trauma-related blood loss considered achievable?
At what point is successful treatment of trauma-related blood loss considered achievable?
Which condition is least likely to indicate an unsuccessful recovery from trauma in older adults?
Which condition is least likely to indicate an unsuccessful recovery from trauma in older adults?
What should be prioritized in the initial management of trauma patients?
What should be prioritized in the initial management of trauma patients?
What categorizes falls that pose significant risks for older adults?
What categorizes falls that pose significant risks for older adults?
Which medication class should be noted on a list of regular medications due to their potential impact on treatment?
Which medication class should be noted on a list of regular medications due to their potential impact on treatment?
What physiological issue can delay an individual's ability to recognize temperature fluctuations?
What physiological issue can delay an individual's ability to recognize temperature fluctuations?
What aspect should an EMS assessment primarily check to enhance home safety for older adults?
What aspect should an EMS assessment primarily check to enhance home safety for older adults?
What major factor can lead to an increased risk of hyperthermia among older adults?
What major factor can lead to an increased risk of hyperthermia among older adults?
What significantly increases the risk of older adults being involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes?
What significantly increases the risk of older adults being involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes?
What is one of the first steps to take in trauma assessment and management?
What is one of the first steps to take in trauma assessment and management?
Which of the following conditions does NOT influence trauma outcomes in geriatric patients?
Which of the following conditions does NOT influence trauma outcomes in geriatric patients?
Which pathophysiological change occurs in older adults that affects the outcome of head trauma?
Which pathophysiological change occurs in older adults that affects the outcome of head trauma?
What risk is associated with degenerative spinal changes in older adults?
What risk is associated with degenerative spinal changes in older adults?
Flashcards
Abruptio Placenta
Abruptio Placenta
Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall during pregnancy.
Breech Presentation
Breech Presentation
A delivery where the baby's buttocks or feet are presenting first.
Shoulder Dystocia
Shoulder Dystocia
Difficulty delivering the baby's shoulders after the head has been born.
McRoberts Maneuver
McRoberts Maneuver
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Nuchal Cord
Nuchal Cord
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Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
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Postpartum Hemorrhage
Postpartum Hemorrhage
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Signs of Hypovolemia in Pregnancy
Signs of Hypovolemia in Pregnancy
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Arrival of Newborn in Ambulance
Arrival of Newborn in Ambulance
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Fetal Asphyxia
Fetal Asphyxia
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Apgar Score
Apgar Score
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Neonatal Resuscitation
Neonatal Resuscitation
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Placenta Previa
Placenta Previa
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Ectopic Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
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Third-trimester bleeding
Third-trimester bleeding
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Uterine massage
Uterine massage
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Hypovolemic shock
Hypovolemic shock
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Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
Positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
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Arteriosclerosis's effect
Arteriosclerosis's effect
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Pacemaker changes with age
Pacemaker changes with age
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Respiratory regulation decline
Respiratory regulation decline
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Ménière disease
Ménière disease
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Denture dangers
Denture dangers
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ADH increase with age
ADH increase with age
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Homeostasis decline
Homeostasis decline
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Bone mass decrease
Bone mass decrease
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Joint changes with age
Joint changes with age
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Musculoskeletal system changes
Musculoskeletal system changes
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Compromised Circulation
Compromised Circulation
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Signs of Compromised Circulation
Signs of Compromised Circulation
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Postural BP Changes in Elderly
Postural BP Changes in Elderly
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Hypotension and Orthostatic Changes
Hypotension and Orthostatic Changes
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Decreased Glucose Tolerance
Decreased Glucose Tolerance
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Pharmacokinetics of Medications in Older Adults
Pharmacokinetics of Medications in Older Adults
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Noncompliance with Medications
Noncompliance with Medications
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Toxic Effects of Medication
Toxic Effects of Medication
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Factors Affecting Pharmacokinetics
Factors Affecting Pharmacokinetics
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Medication Dosage Adjustment in Older Adults
Medication Dosage Adjustment in Older Adults
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Chest Injuries in Trauma
Chest Injuries in Trauma
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Abdominal Trauma
Abdominal Trauma
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Orthopaedic Injuries
Orthopaedic Injuries
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Risk Factors for Burn Severity
Risk Factors for Burn Severity
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Heat Gain/Loss in Elderly
Heat Gain/Loss in Elderly
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Hypothermia in Elderly
Hypothermia in Elderly
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Hyperthermia in Elderly
Hyperthermia in Elderly
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Initial Trauma Assessment
Initial Trauma Assessment
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Medication Assessment in Trauma
Medication Assessment in Trauma
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Mechanism of Injury
Mechanism of Injury
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Geriatric Trauma Risks
Geriatric Trauma Risks
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Compensatory Mechanisms in Trauma
Compensatory Mechanisms in Trauma
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Unsuccessful Trauma Recovery
Unsuccessful Trauma Recovery
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Why Geriatrics Suffer More Injury
Why Geriatrics Suffer More Injury
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Falls - Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic
Falls - Extrinsic vs. Intrinsic
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Home Safety Assessment for Geriatrics
Home Safety Assessment for Geriatrics
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Geriatric Motor Vehicle Crash Risk
Geriatric Motor Vehicle Crash Risk
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Conditions Affecting Trauma Outcome
Conditions Affecting Trauma Outcome
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Head Trauma in Geriatrics
Head Trauma in Geriatrics
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Spinal Cord Injury in Geriatrics
Spinal Cord Injury in Geriatrics
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Study Notes
Bleeding Related to Pregnancy
- Abruptio Placenta (cont'd):
- Patient reports sudden, severe abdominal pain.
- Patient no longer feels fetal movement.
- Vaginal bleeding with dark red blood.
Breech Presentations
- If delivery imminent with buttocks presenting:
- Position woman with buttocks at edge of bed/stretcher, legs flexed.
- Allow newborn's buttocks and trunk to deliver spontaneously.
- Support the body once legs are clear.
- Lower the newborn slightly.
Shoulder Dystocia
-
Difficulty delivering shoulders.
-
If shoulders cannot clear birth canal, the fetus cannot breathe.
-
A major concern is brachial nerve plexus damage.
-
McRoberts Maneuver:
- Hyperflex the woman's legs tightly to the abdomen.
- Apply pressure to the lower abdomen and gently pull on the fetus's head.
Nuchal Cord
- Umbilical cord wraps around the newborn's neck during delivery.
- Slip a finger under the cord to gently attempt to slip it over the shoulder and head.
- If unsuccessful, cut the cord.
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
-
Cord emerges before the fetus.
-
Blocks oxygenated blood supply from the placenta.
-
Leads to fetal asphyxia.
-
Management:
- Keep woman supine with hips elevated.
- Administer 100% supplemental oxygen.
- Have woman pant with each contraction.
- Gently push the presenting part back up the vagina until it no longer presses on the cord.
Postpartum Hemorrhage
- Can be early (within 24 hours of delivery) or late (24 hours to 6 weeks after delivery).
- Blood loss exceeds 500 mL during the first 24 hours after birth.
Pathophysiology and Assessment Considerations
- Pregnant patients react differently to trauma.
- Tachycardia may be harder to interpret.
- Signs of hypovolemia can be hidden.
- Pelvic fractures increase bleeding risk.
- Respiratory rate less than 20 breaths/minute is inadequate.
Arrival of the Newborn
- If delivery in ambulance:
- Use blankets.
- Confirm ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
- Place newborn on mother's chest.
- Suction mouth, then nose.
- Keep newborn at the mother's level.
The Apgar Score
- Used to assess newborn condition at birth (and every 5 minutes if score is below 7).
- Score ranges from 0-2.
Postpartum Hemorrhage (Cont'd)
- Continue uterine massage.
- Encourage breastfeeding.
- Notify receiving facility of status immediately.
- Transport immediately and prepare for IV.
- Do not pack dressings into the vagina.
Algorithm for Neonatal Resuscitation
- If newborn's pulse rate is apneic or less than 100 beats/min, begin positive pressure ventilation (PPV).
- Begin chest compressions if pulse rate is less than 60 beats/min.
- If ventilation and chest compressions don't improve bradycardia, administer epinephrine intravenously.
Pathophysiology and Assessment Considerations (cont'd):
- First Trimester: Uterus well protected, rarely damaged by trauma.
- Second and Third Trimesters: Uterus extends into abdomen, more vulnerable to trauma.
Pathophysiology of Bleeding Related to Pregnancy (cont'd):
- Abruptio Placenta (cont'd):
- Physical exam may reveal shock, tender abdomen, rigid uterus, and absent fetal heart sounds.
- Placenta Previa (cont'd):
- Painless vaginal bleeding with bright red blood.
- Uterus is soft and nontender.
- Ectopic Pregnancy:
- Ovum implants outside the uterus.
- Common symptoms include: Severe abdominal pain, and hypovolemic shock.
- Third-trimester bleeding:
- Greatest bleeding danger.
- Large blood volume
- Pregnancy related compensatory mechanisms often present
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Description
Test your knowledge on critical obstetric emergencies including abruptio placenta, breech presentations, shoulder dystocia, and nuchal cord complications. This quiz covers essential management techniques and potential complications during delivery. Ensure you understand these vital concepts for safe childbirth practices.
