Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Overview
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following symptoms indicate obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

  • Repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety (correct)
  • Inability to speak in certain situations
  • Fear of social situations
  • Difficulty separating from attachment figures

    • Obsessive thoughts in OCD are usually recognized by the patient as their own thoughts.

    True

    What are compulsions primarily aimed at in obsessive-compulsive disorder?

    Reducing anxiety or preventing dreaded events.

    The compulsion of __________ involves repeatedly checking to prevent potential disasters.

    <p>control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of obsessions with their characteristics:

    <p>Contamination = Leading to excessive hygiene acts Pathological doubt = Causing compulsive checking behaviors Order and symmetry = Resulting in arrangement compulsions Aggressive thoughts = Leading to compulsive confession acts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common compulsion in OCD?

    <p>Avoiding all social interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compulsions in obsessive-compulsive disorder have a direct and logical connection to the events they are meant to prevent.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the typical duration that obsessive-compulsive symptoms must persist to be considered a disorder.

    <p>At least two weeks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does compulsive neurosis typically start in men?

    <p>11-18 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Body dysmorphic disorder involves noticeable flaws in appearance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary psychological basis for the development of compulsive neurosis according to the psychodynamic model?

    <p>regression to the anal-sadistic phase of psychosexual development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person with olfactory reference disorder is preoccupied with the belief that they are emitting a perceived foul or offensive ________.

    <p>body odour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following symptoms with the relevant disorders:

    <p>Increased concerns about appearance = Body Dysmorphic Disorder Excessive self-consciousness about body odour = Olfactory Reference Disorder Repetitive behaviours related to appearance = Body Dysmorphic Disorder Avoidance of social situations due to perceived judgement = Olfactory Reference Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a defense mechanism used in compulsive neurosis?

    <p>Rationalization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Men experience compulsive neurosis symptoms earlier than women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is muscular dysmorphia?

    <p>Excessive preoccupation with body structure, feeling too small or not muscular enough.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is commonly associated with hypochondriasis?

    <p>Overestimating normal bodily sensations as symptoms of illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hoarding disorder is characterized by a persistent need to throw away objects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern of a person with separation anxiety disorder?

    <p>Fear of separation from attachment figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In scratching disorder, individuals often experience significant distress due to their __________ behavior.

    <p>harmful scratching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following anxiety-related disorders with their key characteristics:

    <p>Separation Anxiety Disorder = Fear of being away from attachment figures Selective Mutism = Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder = Recurrent unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors Psychodynamic Model of Phobias = Anxiety stemming from unresolved internal conflicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by significant accumulation of objects and cluttered living spaces?

    <p>Hoarding Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Stressors are stimuli that can cause a positive reaction known as eustress.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder?

    <p>Engaging in repetitive behaviors to relieve anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Compulsive (Obsessive-Compulsive) Disorder

    • Characterized by obsessions (recurrent, anxiety-inducing thoughts) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors).
    • Symptoms must persist for at least two weeks and occupy at least one hour daily, significantly impacting daily life.
    • Common obsessions include contamination fears, pathological doubt, somatic symptoms, and aggressive thoughts.
    • Compulsions often include hand washing, checking, counting, cleaning, and arranging, aimed at reducing anxiety or preventing feared events.
    • Patients typically recognize their symptoms as irrational and maintain insight into their disorder.

    Types of Compulsions

    • Restorative Compulsions: Actions taken to correct perceived problems (e.g., excessive washing).
    • Preventive Compulsions: Behaviors aimed at preventing negative outcomes (e.g., checking for potential dangers).

    Compulsive Disorder Overview

    • Constant presence of intrusive and involuntary obsessions and compulsions, leading to significant distress.
    • Symptoms consume a considerable amount of waking time and can involve rigid behavioral patterns.

    Epidemiology

    • Affects men and women equally, with differences in onset age: men (ages 11-18), women (ages 20-24 or post-childbirth).

    Etiology

    • Psychodynamic Factors: Issues such as regression and ambivalence toward parents contribute to development.
    • Learning Theory: Symptoms emerge as avoidance behaviors reinforced by their anxiety-reducing effects.

    Body Dysmorphic Disorder

    • Persistent preoccupation with perceived defects in appearance, which are often unnoticeable to others.
    • Symptoms include increased concerns about appearance, repetitive behaviors related to appearance, and excessive self-comparison.
    • Markers, such as muscular dysmorphia, showcase specific focus on body structure inadequacies.

    Olfactory Reference Disorder

    • Characterized by a preoccupation with the belief of emitting an offensive body odor, leading to social avoidance.
    • Individuals often feel others are judging them based on this perceived odor.

    Hypochondriasis

    • Misinterpretation of physical sensations, leading to a deep conviction of having a serious illness despite contrary medical evidence.
    • Individuals may exhibit persistent fears about significant illnesses localized to specific organs or systems.

    Hoarding Disorder

    • Diagnostic criteria include difficulty discarding items, significant emotional distress related to possessions, and clutter that disrupts living spaces.
    • Symptoms lead to notable impairment in social and occupational functioning and cannot be attributed to other mental disorders.

    Scratching Disorder

    • Involves harmful, repetitive skin scratching, typically focused on the face, arms, and hands.
    • Patients experience significant distress and unsuccessful attempts to reduce or stop the behavior.
    • Require an identifiable stressor for diagnosis; not all exposed to stress develop the disorder.
    • Stressor: A stimulus provoking an organism's response, which may result in negative distress or beneficial eustress.
    • Trauma: Emotional response following a serious event or emotional shock, often leading to denial of the event.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the nature of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, particularly focusing on compulsive actions and their impact on daily life. You will learn to differentiate between normal rituals and pathological compulsions that disrupt life for more than two weeks. Test your understanding of these complex psychological conditions.

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