Obligations in Legal Transactions
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Questions and Answers

Qu'est-ce que signifie une obligation solidaire pour les obligés?

  • Chaque obligé doit rendre une performance totale individuellement. (correct)
  • Chaque obligé est tenu de rendre une partie de la performance.
  • Un seul obligé peut rendre la performance au nom des autres.
  • Aucun des obligés n'est tenu de rendre une performance.
  • Qu'est-ce que la novation objective?

  • La substitution d'un nouveau débiteur pour le débiteur original.
  • La substitution d'une nouvelle cause en place de l'ancienne dans une obligation.
  • La substitution d'une nouvelle performance ou d'une nouvelle cause en place de l'originale. (correct)
  • Le remplacement du créancier original par un nouveau créancier.
  • Que produit une obligation naturelle ou morale?

  • Une contrainte légale sur le débiteur pour exécuter la performance.
  • Un nouvel accord pouvant transformer l'obligation naturelle en une obligation entièrement contraignante.
  • Une nouvelle obligation contractuelle non contraignante entre les parties.
  • Une obligation qui ne peut pas être réclamée par le créancier. (correct)
  • Comment une remise de dette est-elle effectuée?

    <p>Le créancier doit communiquer la remise de dette au débiteur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la différence entre des obligations solidaires et conjointes?

    <p>Les obligations solidares signifient que chaque obligé doit fournir la totalité de la performance, contrairement aux obligations conjointes où chaque partie fournit une partie de la performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce que la novation subjective?

    <p>La substitution d'un nouveau débiteur pour l'ancien débiteur dans une obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que se passe-t-il lorsqu'un obligé ne remplit pas son devoir de performance envers un créancier?

    <p>Le créancier peut obtenir l'exécution judiciaire du devoir du débiteur et réclamer des dommages-intérêts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'un droit personnel?

    <p>Un droit qui ne peut être opposé qu'aux parties originales à l'obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'un droit réel?

    <p>Un droit qui est opposable au monde entier.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dans quelle situation une obligation est-elle considérée comme héréditaire?

    <p>Lorsque des tiers peuvent être ajoutés ou remplacer les parties originales à l'obligation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'une obligation conditionnelle?

    <p>Une obligation dont la performance dépend d'un événement incertain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quand une obligation est-elle éteinte?

    <p>Après la subrogation au profit d'un tiers sans l'accord du créancier initial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Obligations

    An obligation is a legal transaction in which parties bind themselves to either act or refrain from acting. It is a legal relationship between two or more persons. An obligation exists when:

    1. An obligor (debtor) owes a performance in favor of an obligee (creditor).
    2. The performance or duty is legally enforceable.

    An obligee is entitled to judicial enforcement of the obligor's duty to perform, and to recover damages if the obligor fails to perform. The obligation is only extinguished for the original obligee, and performance of the obligation by the party in whose favor subrogation occurs causes that party to be substituted as obligee.

    Real Rights and Real Obligations

    A real right is a right in a thing that's good against the world. A real obligation is an obligation incurred as a result of a real right.

    Strictly Personal and Heritable Obligations

    An obligation is heritable if it can be enforced by or against the successors of the original obligors and obligees. Thus, heritability concerns only the question of whether a third party can be substituted or added to the obligation. A strictly personal obligation is an obligation that is only enforceable by the original obligee or against the original obligor, and it is not heritable.

    Conditional Obligations

    Conditional obligation is an obligation whose occurrence depends on an uncertain event. Uncertainty over whether the event will occur is the key ingredient for a conditional obligation. If the event is certain to occur, the condition isn't conditional but rather a condition subject to a term.

    Obligations with Several People

    Several obligations exist when separate performances are owed. Several obligations are treated as separate obligations, and produce the same legal impact as obligations incurred through different juridical acts. Joint obligations exist for obligors when one performance is owed, and when no joint obligor is bound for the whole and no joint obligee is entitled to receive the whole performance. An obligation is solidary for the obligors when each owes the whole performance, and solidary for the obligees when each is entitled to receive the whole performance.

    Novation and Remission of Debt

    Novation is the extinguishment of an existing obligation by the substitution of a new obligation. There are objective and subjective novations. Objective novation is the substitution of a new performance or a new cause in place of the original performance or cause, and the obligor remains the same, but a new obligation is substituted for the original obligation. Subjective novation is the substitution of a new obligor for the original obligor.

    A remission of debt is the voluntary relinquishment by the obligee of her right to demand performance. A remission of debt extinguishes the obligation and is effective when the obligor receives communication from the obligee.

    Natural and Moral Obligations

    A natural or moral obligation is an obligation that is not legally enforceable but an obligation that compels the obligor to perform. Natural or Moral obligations produce three outcomes:

    1. No Judicial Action for Obligee – A natural obligation isn't enforceable by judicial action. Thus, the obligee can't compel performance and the obligor isn't bound to render a performance.
    2. No Reclamation of Freely Rendered Performance – A performance freely rendered in compliance with a natural obligation can't be reclaimed.
    3. New Contract May Be Enforceable – A new contract made for the performance of a natural obligation is onerous, not gratuitous. Generally, this means that a new promise to perform made by the obligor of a natural obligation will elevate the debt into a fully binding obligation, but the promise must be express, in language that shows a clear, distinct, and unequivocal recognition and renewal of the debt as a binding obligation.

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    Description

    Learn about obligations in legal transactions, including real rights, strictly personal and heritable obligations, conditional obligations, obligations with several people, novation and remission of debt, and natural and moral obligations. Understand the key concepts and legal relationships involved in different types of obligations.

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