Obligation Overview and Sources in Law
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Questions and Answers

What circumstance allows for a person to be held responsible for unforeseen events?

  • There was negligence involved.
  • The event was foreseeable and preventable.
  • The agreement between parties explicitly states otherwise. (correct)
  • There are explicit provisions in the law. (correct)
  • What presumption arises when a creditor receives the principal without any reservations about interest?

  • The interest has been paid. (correct)
  • Further payments are no longer necessary.
  • The principal is not required to be returned.
  • The interest has not been paid.
  • What does Article 1177 allow creditors to do in case of a debtor's default?

  • Sell the debtor's property without legal proceedings.
  • Exercise the debtor's rights and take legal actions to satisfy their claims. (correct)
  • Negotiate directly with the debtor's creditors.
  • Void the debtor's prior transactions automatically.
  • Under what condition can rights acquired through obligations become non-transmissible?

    <p>If there is a specific agreement stating so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Article 1175 treat usurious transactions?

    <p>They must adhere to special laws governing them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the obligor violates an obligation that consists of not doing something?

    <p>The action must be undone at the obligor's expense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does delay exist without a demand from the creditor?

    <p>If the law or obligation expressly states so.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In reciprocal obligations, when does one party begin to incur delay?

    <p>When the other party fails to meet their obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of responsibility arises from fraud in the performance of obligations?

    <p>It is demandable in all obligations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is liability for negligence in performance managed according to the law?

    <p>It can be adjusted by the courts based on circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes negligence on the part of the obligor?

    <p>Omission of required diligence based on the obligation's nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about waiving an action for future fraud?

    <p>Any waiver is considered null and void.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What standard of diligence is expected if not explicitly stated in the law or contract?

    <p>The diligence of a good father of a family.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes an obligation according to Article 1156?

    <p>A juridical necessity to give, to do, or not to do</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which of the following can obligations arise, as stated in Article 1157?

    <p>From law, contracts, quasi-contracts, acts or omissions punished by law, and quasi-delicts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stated in Article 1158 regarding obligations derived from law?

    <p>They are not presumed unless expressly stated in law or special statutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Article 1159, obligations arising from contracts are characterized by which of the following?

    <p>They should be complied with in good faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 1163 specify regarding the care of a thing that is to be given?

    <p>The person obliged must take care of it with proper diligence as a good father of a family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of a determinate thing, what rights does the creditor have according to Article 1165?

    <p>The creditor can compel the debtor to make the delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Article 1165 imply about the responsibilities of a debtor in case of delay or multiple promises?

    <p>The debtor is liable for any unforeseen losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Article 1166, what does the obligation to give a determinate thing include?

    <p>The delivery of all accessions and accessories, even if not explicitly mentioned</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Obligation Overview

    • An obligation is a juridical necessity to either give, do, or refrain from doing something.

    Sources of Obligations

    • Obligations can arise from various sources: law, contracts, quasi-contracts, acts punished by law, and quasi-delicts.
    • Obligations from law are not presumed; they must be explicitly defined by law or special statutes.
    • Contractual obligations are binding and must be performed in good faith.

    Quasi-Contracts & Criminal Offenses

    • Obligations from quasi-contracts adhere to specific provisions in the Civil Code of the Philippines.
    • Civil obligations resulting from criminal offenses are governed by penal laws and relevant provisions on damages.

    Duties of the Obligor

    • Creditors are entitled to the fruits of the object of the obligation from the moment it arises, but do not gain real rights until delivery occurs.
    • Obligors must care for the item being delivered with the diligence of a good father of a family unless stated otherwise.

    Delivery of Obligations

    • If the obligation pertains to a determinate thing, the creditor can compel delivery; for indeterminate things, the obligation can be fulfilled at the debtor's expense.
    • Obligors are liable for any loss of the item until delivery if they have promised it to multiple parties or delayed delivery.

    Execution of Obligations

    • If an obligor fails to perform as required, the obligation can be carried out at his expense, and poorly performed obligations may need to be undone.
    • If the obligor acts contrary to a prohibition, they must undo their actions at their cost.

    Delay in Performance

    • Delay begins when the creditor demands fulfillment, except in certain circumstances such as contract provisions or inability to perform.
    • For reciprocal obligations, neither party incurs delay if the other fails to meet their obligations promptly.

    Liability and Damages

    • Obligors found guilty of fraud, negligence, or delay are responsible for damages caused.
    • Some responsibilities arising from negligence are subject to judicial regulation based on specific circumstances.

    Negligence and Diligence

    • The standard of care expected from the obligor relates to the obligation’s nature and circumstances. A "good father of a family" standard is applied if no specific diligence is outlined.

    Unforeseen Events

    • No liability arises for events that cannot be foreseen or were inevitable, except when explicitly stated by law or agreement.

    Usurious Transactions

    • Special laws govern transactions that involve usury.

    Presumptions in Payment

    • Receipt of principal by creditors without interest reservation presumes interest payment. Similarly, receiving later installments without prior reservations infers earlier payments are settled.

    Creditor Rights

    • Creditors can pursue a debtor’s properties to satisfy claims and have the right to challenge the debtor’s actions intended to defraud them.

    Transmission of Rights

    • Rights acquired through obligations are generally transmissible unless there is a stipulation that states otherwise.

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    Description

    Explore the various aspects of obligations in law through this quiz. Understand the sources from which obligations arise, including contracts and quasi-contracts, and the duties of the obligor. Test your knowledge on legal frameworks and the distinctions between obligations.

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