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Questions and Answers
What circumstance allows for a person to be held responsible for unforeseen events?
What presumption arises when a creditor receives the principal without any reservations about interest?
What does Article 1177 allow creditors to do in case of a debtor's default?
Under what condition can rights acquired through obligations become non-transmissible?
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How does Article 1175 treat usurious transactions?
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What happens when the obligor violates an obligation that consists of not doing something?
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Under what conditions does delay exist without a demand from the creditor?
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In reciprocal obligations, when does one party begin to incur delay?
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What type of responsibility arises from fraud in the performance of obligations?
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How is liability for negligence in performance managed according to the law?
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What constitutes negligence on the part of the obligor?
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What is true about waiving an action for future fraud?
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What standard of diligence is expected if not explicitly stated in the law or contract?
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What constitutes an obligation according to Article 1156?
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From which of the following can obligations arise, as stated in Article 1157?
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What is stated in Article 1158 regarding obligations derived from law?
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According to Article 1159, obligations arising from contracts are characterized by which of the following?
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What does Article 1163 specify regarding the care of a thing that is to be given?
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In the case of a determinate thing, what rights does the creditor have according to Article 1165?
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What does Article 1165 imply about the responsibilities of a debtor in case of delay or multiple promises?
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According to Article 1166, what does the obligation to give a determinate thing include?
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Study Notes
Obligation Overview
- An obligation is a juridical necessity to either give, do, or refrain from doing something.
Sources of Obligations
- Obligations can arise from various sources: law, contracts, quasi-contracts, acts punished by law, and quasi-delicts.
Legal Framework
- Obligations from law are not presumed; they must be explicitly defined by law or special statutes.
- Contractual obligations are binding and must be performed in good faith.
Quasi-Contracts & Criminal Offenses
- Obligations from quasi-contracts adhere to specific provisions in the Civil Code of the Philippines.
- Civil obligations resulting from criminal offenses are governed by penal laws and relevant provisions on damages.
Duties of the Obligor
- Creditors are entitled to the fruits of the object of the obligation from the moment it arises, but do not gain real rights until delivery occurs.
- Obligors must care for the item being delivered with the diligence of a good father of a family unless stated otherwise.
Delivery of Obligations
- If the obligation pertains to a determinate thing, the creditor can compel delivery; for indeterminate things, the obligation can be fulfilled at the debtor's expense.
- Obligors are liable for any loss of the item until delivery if they have promised it to multiple parties or delayed delivery.
Execution of Obligations
- If an obligor fails to perform as required, the obligation can be carried out at his expense, and poorly performed obligations may need to be undone.
- If the obligor acts contrary to a prohibition, they must undo their actions at their cost.
Delay in Performance
- Delay begins when the creditor demands fulfillment, except in certain circumstances such as contract provisions or inability to perform.
- For reciprocal obligations, neither party incurs delay if the other fails to meet their obligations promptly.
Liability and Damages
- Obligors found guilty of fraud, negligence, or delay are responsible for damages caused.
- Some responsibilities arising from negligence are subject to judicial regulation based on specific circumstances.
Negligence and Diligence
- The standard of care expected from the obligor relates to the obligation’s nature and circumstances. A "good father of a family" standard is applied if no specific diligence is outlined.
Unforeseen Events
- No liability arises for events that cannot be foreseen or were inevitable, except when explicitly stated by law or agreement.
Usurious Transactions
- Special laws govern transactions that involve usury.
Presumptions in Payment
- Receipt of principal by creditors without interest reservation presumes interest payment. Similarly, receiving later installments without prior reservations infers earlier payments are settled.
Creditor Rights
- Creditors can pursue a debtor’s properties to satisfy claims and have the right to challenge the debtor’s actions intended to defraud them.
Transmission of Rights
- Rights acquired through obligations are generally transmissible unless there is a stipulation that states otherwise.
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Description
Explore the various aspects of obligations in law through this quiz. Understand the sources from which obligations arise, including contracts and quasi-contracts, and the duties of the obligor. Test your knowledge on legal frameworks and the distinctions between obligations.
