OBLICON Review Quiz

General Concepts of Obligations

• Conditional obligations void if fulfillment depends solely on debtor's will.
• Legal delay defines failure to perform an obligation on time as a breach.
• Article 1156 defines obligations primarily pertaining to the obligor.
• Prestation refers to the specific conduct expected from the debtor.
• Real obligations can be enforced through court action if not fulfilled.
• Quasi-delict is one of the key sources of obligation.
• Obligations from contracts hold the force of law and must be complied with in good faith.

Types of Obligations

• Generic obligations allow the creditor to demand compliance at debtor's expense.
• Specific service obligations cannot compel performance if the debtor is unwilling.
• The debtor must proactively avoid breaches in obligations not to act.
• Conclusive presumptions are irrefutable, while disputable presumptions can be rebutted.

Rights and Choices

• Right of choice in alternative obligations lies with the debtor if unstipulated.
• Alternative obligations involve multiple choices, communicated effectively for effect.
• In facultative obligations, the obligor may substitute one prestation for another.
• Rescission is applicable in reciprocal obligations when one party fails to perform.

Legal Framework

• The Chief Justice leads the judicial department, while the executive branch executes laws.
• The supremacy of Congress allows it to enact laws exclusively, with exceptions noted.
• All obligations have enforceable rights barring specific stipulations against transmissibility.

Specific Performance and Remedies

• Remedies under Article 1191 are alternative and invoked in cases of non-compliance.
• The principle of genus nunquam peruit implies duty of care for indeterminate things.
• Diligence required for care of obligations must align with a good father of the family standard.
• Ownership in a sale transfers to the buyer upon perfection of the contract.

Key Terms and Definitions

• Compensatio morae refers to reciprocal obligations where delays affect performance.
• Fortuitous events are unforeseen incidents that free the debtor from liability in specific circumstances.
• Specific performance mandates court orders for parties to fulfill contractual agreements.
• Negotiorum gestio describes voluntary management of another's property or affairs.

Nature of Conditions

• Suspensive conditions trigger obligations; resolutory conditions terminate existing obligations upon fulfillment.
• Potestative conditions depend on one party's will and can render obligations void.
• Conditions, both suspensive and resolutory, play critical roles in the structure of legal obligations.

Juridical Concepts

• Natural obligations reflect moral duties without legal enforceability.
• Bilateral obligations correlate with reciprocal obligations, indicated by mutual duty.
• An indeterminate thing is not specifically identified but is defined within a broader category.