Object-Oriented Programming Introduction

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Introduction

• Course will run for 3 hours weekly (S11)
• Assessment includes:
  • Exam - Quiz (Case Study/CV) during the exam period
  • Participation in quick quizzes - bonus points
  • 7 short tests (50% score) - 0.5 point bonus
  • 10 tests (50% score) - 1 point bonus
• Lab and Project
  • Maximum of 2 absences allowed (S1-S10)
  • Labs (S1-S10), project (S11-S13) - due in S14
  • Grade calculation: NA = ROUND((NL + NP)/2)
  • Final grade: NF = ROUND((NE + NA)/2)

Learning Objectives and Competencies

• Understand OOP concepts
• Model real-world situations using OOP
• Design extensible programs in OOP
• Create maintainable OOP programs
• Use OO C# language (Lab Focus)

Bibliography

• Weisfeld, Matt. Object-Oriented Thought Process, The (Developer's Library), Pearson Education

Introduction to Programming Styles

• Unsructured programming (machine code, assembly, Basic, Fortran): Controlling execution flow using GOTO/JUMP commands
• Structured/Procedural Programming: Utilizing structures to control execution flow, breaking down programs into subroutines and blocks
• Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Combining data and behavior in modules.
• Functional Programming: Modularization through functions, utilizing immutable data, lambda calculus basis
• Prompt engineering: Creating programs/code fragments via AI agents using natural language

Demo - GitHub Copilot

• Generating Fibonacci functions (C#, C++, Java)
• Creating TO-DO list applications (WPF, ASP.NET Core)
• Code generation for specific domains
• Adding validation rules

Role of Students

• Focus on design and understanding the specific project domain

Humans Are Elevated

• Presentation by Garry Kasparov (UPT Tech Talks, May 2024) - likely addressing the role of human expertise in the context of programming.

Quick Quizzes (Menti)

• What elements control execution flow in structured programming?
• Why are subroutines and blocks necessary?

Control Structures

• Diagrams illustrating sequential, conditional (if-then-else), and iterative (looping) control structures.

Subroutines and Blocks

• Subroutine: A sequence of instructions referred to by a single instruction.
• Block: Grouping instructions together as a single instruction (e.g., BEGIN...END, {}).

Structured Programming Theorem (Böhm-Jacopini)

• Any computational function can be performed using only three control structures:
  • Sequence: One instruction after another
  • Selection: Choose one of two possible paths based on a Boolean expression.
  • Iteration: Repeat a block of instructions as long as a Boolean expression is true

Modern Programming Languages

• Modern languages combine multiple programming styles

Example C# – OOP Implementation

• Organizing programs into classes (OOP)
• Implementing behaviors using blocks(If, While, For, Method Calls) (Structured Programming)
• Support for immutability (Records), lambda expressions, anonymous functions, and switch expressions, transforming data using LINQ (Functional Programming)

Previous Courses

• Programming Fundamentals - structured programming concepts
• Programming Techniques - algorithm analysis

Future Courses

• Programming Environments and Technologies (year 2)
• Database Management Systems (year 2)
• Internet Application Programming (year 3)
• Software Engineering (year 3)
• Complex Software Systems Design (year 4)
• Cloud Application Development (year 4)

Who learned/used OOP language?

• Unknown individuals used OOP-related languages

Quiz Menti (Focus on OOP) - Concepts

Learning New Programming Languages

• Requires understanding target language's thought process

Programming History

• 1960s: Initial OOP concepts emerged.
• 1990s: OOP became widely adopted, particularly with the proliferation of the internet and Java.
• 2000s-Present: OOP has continued evolving with technological advancements (web, mobile apps, cloud computing)

Structured vs. OOP (Comparative Summary)

• Structured Programming: Attributes and behaviours are separate; Global variables; Uncontrolled data access
• Object-Oriented Programming: Attributes and behaviours are bundled as objects; Isolated data; Controlled data access

Representation of an Element List (Comparison of Programming Styles)

• Structured Programming: Sorting; Searching; Global list state; Adding elements
• OOP: List; Sorted elements; Searchable elements; Adding elements

OOP Principal Benefit

• High level of data integrity

Data Hiding

• Restricting access to specific attributes and methods

OOP vs. Structured Programming

• Object exchange includes both data and behavior (e.g., the student object contains student data plus its behavior methods).

Conclusion

• Structured/procedural and OOP are complementary programming styles.
• An object combines data and behavior.
• A class acts as a template for object creation.
• OOP's main benefit is its enhanced data integrity.

UML Class Diagrams

• Diagram sections: Name, Attributes, methods - private or public designations
• Example of a student class diagram

Class Definition

• Template for generating objects.
• Defines object attributes and behavior
• Prerequisite for object creation

Access Modifiers

• Public: Methods/attributes accessible by other objects
• Private: Methods/attributes accessible only within the object

Object Creation

• Creating objects means instantiating them
• Objects created have unique copies of attributes.
• Methods are generally shared by the compiler (common code for methods). Examples: Student entities like Popescu, Ionescu, Georgescu

Demo - Multiple Student Instances

• Demonstration of generating a number of Student objects.

Classes as Cookie Cutters

• Use of classes as templates to create similar objects.
• OOP and Structured Programming are complementary and can be applied to similar projects, such as the concept of a list.

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) as outlined in the course syllabus. You will learn about modeling real-world situations, designing extensible programs, and maintaining applications using OOP principles. The focus will be on employing the C# programming language in practical lab sessions.