Object-Oriented Programming Introduction

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary objective of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)?

To control program flow through GOTO statements

To enhance numerical computations with lambda functions

To design programs that are extensible and maintainable (correct)

To use function application for modularization

Which programming style relies on the combination of data and behavior in modules?

Functional Programming

Procedural Programming

Structured Programming

Object-Oriented Programming (correct)

What is the purpose of subroutines in structured programming?

To facilitate direct control over machine code execution

To treat a sequence of instructions as a single instruction (correct)

To create immutable data states

To enhance the use of GOTO statements

In the context of programming, what does the term 'block' refer to?

A grouping of instructions treated as a single instruction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes functional programming?

Creating programs through function composition Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using the Object-Oriented programming language C#?

It supports the design of extensible and maintainable programs Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of assessments included in the course structure?

Flash tests and quizzes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of 'Prompt engineering' in programming?

To generate code snippets using AI based on natural language Signup and view all the answers

What are the three control structures that any computational function can be implemented with?

Selection, Iteration, and Sequence Signup and view all the answers

How does modern programming languages combine different styles of programming?

By integrating multiple programming paradigms such as structured and functional programming Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a programming language that supports immutability?

It restricts changes to data after it is created Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes an object in object-oriented programming (OOP)?

An object is an entity that contains both data and behavior Signup and view all the answers

What emphasizes the necessity of understanding specific thinking patterns while learning a new programming language?

Different languages operate on unique paradigms and logic Signup and view all the answers

When did the object-oriented programming paradigm gain widespread popularity?

In the 1990s with the emergence of the Internet and Java Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of LINQ in modern programming enable?

Transformation and querying of data in a concise manner Signup and view all the answers

What are some disciplines that follow after studying programming fundamentals?

Database design and software engineering techniques Signup and view all the answers

What are attributes in the context of an object?

The characteristics that differentiate objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a method in object-oriented programming?

A procedure or function that defines the behavior of an object. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes the access modifiers in object-oriented programming?

Private attributes and methods can only be accessed by the containing object. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'invoking a method' refer to?

Sending a message to the object to execute its behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of using encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

It limits access to an object's attributes and methods, enhancing data integrity. Signup and view all the answers

What is a class in the context of object-oriented programming?

A blueprint for creating objects that define attributes and methods. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the signature of a method?

The method parameters and the return type. Signup and view all the answers

What does data hiding achieve in object-oriented programming?

It restricts access to only a few attributes of an object. Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of classes in object-oriented programming differ from structured programming?

Classes encapsulate attributes and behaviors, while structured programming separates them. Signup and view all the answers

What results from creating an object from a class?

A unique instance of the object with its own set of attributes is created. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Introduction

Course will run for 3 hours weekly (S11)
Assessment includes:
- Exam - Quiz (Case Study/CV) during the exam period
- Participation in quick quizzes - bonus points
- 7 short tests (50% score) - 0.5 point bonus
- 10 tests (50% score) - 1 point bonus
Lab and Project
- Maximum of 2 absences allowed (S1-S10)
- Labs (S1-S10), project (S11-S13) - due in S14
- Grade calculation: NA = ROUND((NL + NP)/2)
- Final grade: NF = ROUND((NE + NA)/2)

Learning Objectives and Competencies

Understand OOP concepts
Model real-world situations using OOP
Design extensible programs in OOP
Create maintainable OOP programs
Use OO C# language (Lab Focus)

Bibliography

Weisfeld, Matt. Object-Oriented Thought Process, The (Developer's Library), Pearson Education

Introduction to Programming Styles

Unsructured programming (machine code, assembly, Basic, Fortran): Controlling execution flow using GOTO/JUMP commands
Structured/Procedural Programming: Utilizing structures to control execution flow, breaking down programs into subroutines and blocks
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP): Combining data and behavior in modules.
Functional Programming: Modularization through functions, utilizing immutable data, lambda calculus basis
Prompt engineering: Creating programs/code fragments via AI agents using natural language

Demo - GitHub Copilot

Generating Fibonacci functions (C#, C++, Java)
Creating TO-DO list applications (WPF, ASP.NET Core)
Code generation for specific domains
Adding validation rules

Role of Students

Focus on design and understanding the specific project domain

Humans Are Elevated

Presentation by Garry Kasparov (UPT Tech Talks, May 2024) - likely addressing the role of human expertise in the context of programming.

Quick Quizzes (Menti)

What elements control execution flow in structured programming?
Why are subroutines and blocks necessary?

Control Structures

Diagrams illustrating sequential, conditional (if-then-else), and iterative (looping) control structures.

Subroutines and Blocks

Subroutine: A sequence of instructions referred to by a single instruction.
Block: Grouping instructions together as a single instruction (e.g., BEGIN...END, {}).

Structured Programming Theorem (Böhm-Jacopini)

Any computational function can be performed using only three control structures:
- Sequence: One instruction after another
- Selection: Choose one of two possible paths based on a Boolean expression.
- Iteration: Repeat a block of instructions as long as a Boolean expression is true

Modern Programming Languages

Modern languages combine multiple programming styles

Example C# – OOP Implementation

Organizing programs into classes (OOP)
Implementing behaviors using blocks(If, While, For, Method Calls) (Structured Programming)
Support for immutability (Records), lambda expressions, anonymous functions, and switch expressions, transforming data using LINQ (Functional Programming)

Previous Courses

Programming Fundamentals - structured programming concepts
Programming Techniques - algorithm analysis

Future Courses

Programming Environments and Technologies (year 2)
Database Management Systems (year 2)
Internet Application Programming (year 3)
Software Engineering (year 3)
Complex Software Systems Design (year 4)
Cloud Application Development (year 4)

Who learned/used OOP language?

Unknown individuals used OOP-related languages

Quiz Menti (Focus on OOP) - Concepts

Learning New Programming Languages

Requires understanding target language's thought process

Programming History

1960s: Initial OOP concepts emerged.
1990s: OOP became widely adopted, particularly with the proliferation of the internet and Java.
2000s-Present: OOP has continued evolving with technological advancements (web, mobile apps, cloud computing)

Structured vs. OOP (Comparative Summary)

Structured Programming: Attributes and behaviours are separate; Global variables; Uncontrolled data access
Object-Oriented Programming: Attributes and behaviours are bundled as objects; Isolated data; Controlled data access

Representation of an Element List (Comparison of Programming Styles)

Structured Programming: Sorting; Searching; Global list state; Adding elements
OOP: List; Sorted elements; Searchable elements; Adding elements

OOP Principal Benefit

High level of data integrity

Data Hiding

Restricting access to specific attributes and methods

OOP vs. Structured Programming

Object exchange includes both data and behavior (e.g., the student object contains student data plus its behavior methods).

Conclusion

Structured/procedural and OOP are complementary programming styles.
An object combines data and behavior.
A class acts as a template for object creation.
OOP's main benefit is its enhanced data integrity.

UML Class Diagrams

Diagram sections: Name, Attributes, methods - private or public designations
Example of a student class diagram

Class Definition

Template for generating objects.
Defines object attributes and behavior
Prerequisite for object creation

Access Modifiers

Public: Methods/attributes accessible by other objects
Private: Methods/attributes accessible only within the object

Object Creation

Creating objects means instantiating them
Objects created have unique copies of attributes.
Methods are generally shared by the compiler (common code for methods). Examples: Student entities like Popescu, Ionescu, Georgescu

Demo - Multiple Student Instances

Demonstration of generating a number of Student objects.

Use of classes as templates to create similar objects.
OOP and Structured Programming are complementary and can be applied to similar projects, such as the concept of a list.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) as outlined in the course syllabus. You will learn about modeling real-world situations, designing extensible programs, and maintaining applications using OOP principles. The focus will be on employing the C# programming language in practical lab sessions.