Object-Oriented Programming in Python

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a class in object-oriented programming?

  • To perform actions without storing data
  • To define attributes and methods for instances (correct)
  • To represent only the methods associated with an instance
  • To create multiple unique copies of itself

Which of the following correctly describes attributes in a class?

  • Attributes are functions that perform actions for a class
  • Attributes are properties that store data related to the class (correct)
  • Attributes can only be listed using the dir() function
  • Attributes are synonymous with instances of the class

What is a constructor in a class?

  • A special method that initializes attributes for new instances (correct)
  • A keyword to define an empty class
  • A method to list attributes of a class
  • A function that deletes instances of the class

What does the pass keyword signify in class definition?

<p>That some parts of the class remain intentionally undefined (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can you access an attribute of an instance in Python?

<p>instance.attribute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which naming convention is typically used for classes in Python?

<p>CapWords (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the dir() function used for in the context of a class?

<p>To list all the attributes of a class (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a method differ from an attribute in a class context?

<p>Methods perform actions, whereas attributes store data (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the 'self' keyword in method calls?

<p>To refer to the calling object (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes encapsulation in OOP?

<p>Hiding the internal details of a class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does polymorphism in OOP allow for?

<p>Sending a message to any object with varied responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of OOP allows for the creation of new objects based on existing ones?

<p>Inheritance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of OOP, what is meant by modularity?

<p>Creating objects that can stand alone for reuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of all objects in Python?

<p>They are strictly defined by their classes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does software engineering benefit from object-oriented programming?

<p>By simplifying code structure without altering functionality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Binding self

In method calls, 'self' automatically refers to the object that initiated the method.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A programming style where code is organized around interacting objects.

Encapsulation

Hiding internal details of an object, focusing on what it does rather than how it does it.

Modularity

The ability of objects to stand alone and be reused easily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inheritance

Creating a new object based on an existing object, inheriting and potentially customizing its properties.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polymorphism

Objects respond differently to the same method call, based on their types.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Class

A blueprint of objects, defining their structure and behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Object Instance

A specific example of an object created from a class

Signup and view all the flashcards

Instance

A specific object created from a class. It has its own unique data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Attributes

The data stored within a class or object.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Methods

Functions defined within a class that perform actions on objects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Constructor (init)

A special method that initializes the attributes of an object when it's created.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dir() Function

Lists all the attributes (variables and methods) of a class or object.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dot Reference

Accessing attributes or methods of an object using the dot operator (e.g., object.attribute).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pass keyword

A null operation; used as a placeholder when a statement is required syntactically but no code needs to be executed.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Binding self

  • When a method is called on an object, self automatically refers to that object.
  • self is used to access and manipulate the object's attributes.
  • Any attribute reference within a method must use self.
  • Methods can work with any object of a class by using self.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

  • OOP structures code around "objects" that have data and behavior (methods).
  • OOP makes code easier to model real-world systems.
  • A program in OOP is a collection of interacting objects.
  • Everything in Python is an object.
  • OOP is based on encapsulation, modularity, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Encapsulation

  • Encapsulation hides internal details of an object to improve readability and maintainability.

Modularity

  • Modularity means objects can be used independently in different parts of a program.

Inheritance

  • Inheritance creates new objects by inheriting attributes/methods from other objects (parent to child).

Polymorphism

  • Polymorphism lets objects respond appropriately to the same message (method call) in different ways.

Software Engineering (SE)

  • SE involves managing code to ensure long-term usability.
  • SE includes modifying code without affecting functionality.
  • SE aims for simpler and understandable code.

Classes

  • Classes are templates for creating objects (instances).
  • Defining a class structures data and methods for instances.
  • Classes enable reusability and organized code.
  • Example of a class: A Student class has attributes/methods like name, age, study, take_exam.

Class vs. Instance

  • Class: Defines structure and behavior for instances.
  • Instance: A specific object of a class with unique data.
  • Classes and instances are objects themselves.
  • Instances are structured according to the class that creates them.

Why Classes

  • Classes create reusable, complex data types for programs.
  • A class consists of attributes (data) and methods (actions).

Anatomy of a Class

  • Class Name: Use CapWords (e.g., MyClass).
  • Attributes: Stored data elements for each instance.
  • Methods: Functions within a class.
  • Constructor (__init__): Initializes attributes when an instance is created.

dir() Function

  • dir() lists all attributes (variables and methods) of a class.

pass Keyword

  • pass is used to indicate an empty block; it does nothing.
  • Used when a particular block is undefined. This makes the class only contain the objects Python defines automatically.

Constructor (__init__)

  • The constructor (__init__) is a special method within a class.
  • It initializes an object’s attributes when the object is created.

Dot Reference

  • Dot reference (e.g., object.attribute) accesses an attribute of an object.
  • The attribute can be a variable or a method.
  • Methods are distinguished from variables by the parentheses after them (like a function call).

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

OOPS! Navigating Error Handling with Grace
7 questions

OOPS! Navigating Error Handling with Grace

ReceptivePeach avatar
ReceptivePeach
Object-oriented Programming in Python
8 questions

Object-oriented Programming in Python

AlluringDwarf5332 avatar
AlluringDwarf5332
Introduction to Python Programming
8 questions

Introduction to Python Programming

PurposefulLemur1417 avatar
PurposefulLemur1417
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser