Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

Study Notes

Object-oriented programming revolves around objects, which are entities with properties and behaviors.
Objects in programming mimic real-world objects to improve program readability, manageability, and extensibility.
An object can be compared to real-life objects like a camera, microphone, or laptop.
Classes are user-defined data types in programming that act as templates for objects.
Classes define the properties of objects, and objects are instances of classes.
When creating objects in a class, the memory size is determined by the properties defined in the class.
Access modifiers like public, private, and protected control the visibility of data members within a class.
Public data members can be accessed both inside and outside the class, while private data members are restricted to the class they are defined in by default.- Access modifiers in classes include public, private, and protected.
Private members can only be accessed within the class, not outside.
To access private members outside the class, getter/setter methods are used.
Getters are used to read private data members, while setters are used to set them.
Getters and setters help in accessing private data and applying conditions.
Constructors are functions called during object creation, with default, parameterized, and copy constructors.
The this keyword is used to refer to the current object within a class.
Constructors can be created with parameters, and a copy constructor is automatically generated in classes.
A copy constructor is called when creating an object by copying another object.
In a copy constructor, pass by reference should be used to avoid infinite loops in copying objects.
Understanding the role of constructors, access modifiers, and getter/setter methods is crucial in object-oriented programming.- Copy constructor is called when creating a new object by copying an existing object, default copy constructor implements shallow copy
Shallow copy means both objects share the same memory location for data, any changes made to one object reflect in the other
Deep copy involves creating a new array and copying values into it, ensuring each object has its own memory space
Copy assignment operator (=) is used to copy values from one object to another, replacing all values in the destination object
Destructor is used to deallocate memory when objects go out of scope, it is automatically called for statically allocated objects but needs to be called manually for dynamically allocated objects
Static keyword is used to create class-level variables and functions that can be accessed without creating an object
Static data members belong to the class, not individual objects, and can be accessed using the class name directly
Static functions can only access static members, not non-static members like health or name
The concept of shallow and deep copy, const keyword, const functions, initialization list, static member functions are important concepts in object-oriented programming
Understanding the difference between deep and shallow copy is crucial in managing memory and data integrity in object-oriented programming.

Description

Learn about objects, classes, constructors, access modifiers, getters/setters, copy constructors, destructors, static keyword, shallow vs deep copy, const keyword, initialization list in object-oriented programming. Understand the importance of managing memory and data integrity.