Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

• Object-oriented programming revolves around objects, which are entities with properties and behaviors.
• Objects in programming mimic real-world objects to improve program readability, manageability, and extensibility.
• An object can be compared to real-life objects like a camera, microphone, or laptop.
• Classes are user-defined data types in programming that act as templates for objects.
• Classes define the properties of objects, and objects are instances of classes.
• When creating objects in a class, the memory size is determined by the properties defined in the class.
• Access modifiers like public, private, and protected control the visibility of data members within a class.
• Public data members can be accessed both inside and outside the class, while private data members are restricted to the class they are defined in by default.- Access modifiers in classes include public, private, and protected.
• Private members can only be accessed within the class, not outside.
• To access private members outside the class, getter/setter methods are used.
• Getters are used to read private data members, while setters are used to set them.
• Getters and setters help in accessing private data and applying conditions.
• Constructors are functions called during object creation, with default, parameterized, and copy constructors.
• The this keyword is used to refer to the current object within a class.
• Constructors can be created with parameters, and a copy constructor is automatically generated in classes.
• A copy constructor is called when creating an object by copying another object.
• In a copy constructor, pass by reference should be used to avoid infinite loops in copying objects.
• Understanding the role of constructors, access modifiers, and getter/setter methods is crucial in object-oriented programming.- Copy constructor is called when creating a new object by copying an existing object, default copy constructor implements shallow copy
• Shallow copy means both objects share the same memory location for data, any changes made to one object reflect in the other
• Deep copy involves creating a new array and copying values into it, ensuring each object has its own memory space
• Copy assignment operator (=) is used to copy values from one object to another, replacing all values in the destination object
• Destructor is used to deallocate memory when objects go out of scope, it is automatically called for statically allocated objects but needs to be called manually for dynamically allocated objects
• Static keyword is used to create class-level variables and functions that can be accessed without creating an object
• Static data members belong to the class, not individual objects, and can be accessed using the class name directly
• Static functions can only access static members, not non-static members like health or name
• The concept of shallow and deep copy, const keyword, const functions, initialization list, static member functions are important concepts in object-oriented programming
• Understanding the difference between deep and shallow copy is crucial in managing memory and data integrity in object-oriented programming.

Learn about objects, classes, constructors, access modifiers, getters/setters, copy constructors, destructors, static keyword, shallow vs deep copy, const keyword, initialization list in object-oriented programming. Understand the importance of managing memory and data integrity.