Object-Oriented Programming Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is a blueprint or template used to create objects in OOP?

Class

What is a function used to initialize the state of an object when it is created?

Constructor

What is the term used for variables defined inside a class but outside any methods?

Attributes

What is the process by which one class inherits attributes and methods from another class?

<p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function that modifies an object’s private attribute?

<p>Setter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function that retrieves the value of an object’s private attribute?

<p>Getter</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the OOP concept where an object or class can have different forms?

<p>Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the special function called automatically when an object is destroyed?

<p>Destructor</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mechanism that controls the visibility of class members to the outside world?

<p>Access modifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a class member that can be accessed from outside the class but cannot be modified?

<p>Read-only</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of providing a specific implementation for a method in a subclass that already exists in the parent class?

<p>Method overriding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the keyword used to indicate that one class derives from another?

<p>Extends/Inherits</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the feature of OOP that promotes code reuse and the reduction of redundancy?

<p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the actual instance of a class that is created in memory?

<p>Object</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the keyword used to call a method from the parent class in the child class?

<p>Super/Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does OOP stand for?

<p>Object-Oriented Programming</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a class in OOP?

<p>A blueprint for creating objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

In OOP, what is an object?

<p>An instance of a class</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines encapsulation?

<p>The hiding of internal object details from the outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?

<p>To initialize object attributes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these access modifiers restricts access to class members only within the class itself?

<p>Private</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a destructor used for in OOP?

<p>To clean up memory or resources when an object is destroyed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a feature of OOP?

<p>Compilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a class, which of the following methods allows external access to a private attribute?

<p>Getter</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the ability of different objects to respond to the same method in different ways?

<p>Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What OOP concept should be applied if each product has attributes such as name, price, and stock availability?

<p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be implemented to ensure that the price of a product is always greater than zero when setting its value?

<p>Use a private attribute for price with a setter method to validate the value</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct syntax for creating an instance of a class Person in many OOP languages?

<p>new Person()</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following allows subclasses to modify the behavior of inherited methods?

<p>Method overriding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the protected access modifier in a class?

<p>To allow access to derived classes and the class itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

In OOP, what does method overriding allow?

<p>Defining multiple methods with the same name but different behaviors in different classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which OOP principle enables you to define a single interface, but allows multiple implementations?

<p>Polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

A class is an instance of an object.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Object-Oriented Programming Concepts

  • Class: A blueprint for creating objects; defines attributes and methods.
  • Constructor: A special function that initializes an object's state upon creation.
  • Attributes: Variables defined within a class but outside any methods, reflecting the state of an object.
  • Inheritance: Mechanism allowing one class to inherit attributes and methods from another, promoting code reuse.
  • Setter: A function that modifies a private attribute of an object.
  • Getter: A function that retrieves the value of a private attribute.
  • Polymorphism: Concept enabling objects or classes to manifest different forms or behaviors through method overriding.
  • Destructor: Automatically called function used to perform cleanup when an object is destroyed.
  • Access Modifier: Controls visibility of class members to the outside world, ensuring encapsulation.
  • Read-Only: A class member that can be accessed externally but cannot be modified.

Key OOP Mechanisms

  • Method Overriding: Providing specific implementation for an inherited method in a subclass.
  • Extends/Inherits: Keywords that indicate one class derives from another, establishing a parent-child relationship.
  • Object: The actual instance of a class, created in memory, representing a specific entity.

Object Access and Control

  • Access Modifiers: private restricts access only within the class; allows for encapsulation.
  • Controlled Access: Implementing private attributes with public getter and setter methods allows safe access to sensitive data.

OOP Principles in Practice

  • Encapsulation: Hiding of internal object details from the outside; crucial for protecting object integrity.
  • Method Overriding Use Case: Essential in scenarios where subclasses have specific behaviors while maintaining a common interface (e.g., Player and Enemy classes in games).
  • Inheritance Use Case: Enables common characteristics in subclasses like Sedan and SUV deriving from a parent Car class.

Instantiation and Modifications

  • Creating Objects: Typically done using the syntax new ClassName();.
  • Behavior Modification: Subclasses can override inherited methods to provide specific implementations.

Access Levels

  • Protected Access Modifier: Allows access to both derived classes and the parent class, useful for shared properties.

Polymorphism and Interfaces

  • Polymorphism: Key principle allowing multiple implementations of a method, making software more flexible.
  • Single Interface, Multiple Implementations: Enables defining a common interaction while supporting diverse functionalities across different classes.

True or False Statements

  • A class is not an instance of an object; rather, it serves as a template that defines the structure and behavior of objects.

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Test your knowledge on fundamental object-oriented programming concepts such as classes, inheritance, and polymorphism. This quiz covers essential topics that are crucial for understanding how to create and manage complex software systems. Challenge yourself and see how well you grasp these concepts!

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