Object-Oriented Programming Benefits and Principles

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant advantage of using encapsulation in OOP?

  • It provides a way to hide an object's internal state. (correct)
  • It simplifies the inheritance structure of classes.
  • It enables direct access to object properties from outside the class.
  • It allows multiple classes to share methods directly.

Which of the following best describes polymorphism in OOP?

  • It is a technique for hiding details of object implementation.
  • It allows classes to inherit properties from multiple parent classes.
  • It enables different classes to be accessed through a common interface. (correct)
  • It restricts object attributes to private access only.

In the context of inheritance, what does a subclass do?

  • Completely overrides all properties of the base class.
  • Creates a new standalone class with no relation to other classes.
  • Requires all properties from the base class to be public.
  • Provides a way to redefine methods of its parent class. (correct)

Which statement accurately reflects the principle of abstraction in OOP?

<p>It simplifies a complex system by exposing only necessary aspects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a method in a subclass has the same name as a method in its superclass, this is an example of:

<p>Polymorphism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of modular code in OOP?

<p>It enhances code readability and maintainability through separation of concerns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of OOP is primarily focused on code reusability?

<p>Inheritance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What output is expected when the method speak() is called on an instance of the Dog class?

<p>Dog barks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

OOP Modular Code

Breaking down code into manageable classes.

OOP Flexibility

Modifying parts of the program without affecting others.

OOP Reusability

Using classes in different projects, saving time.

OOP Inheritance

A class inherits features from a parent class.

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OOP Encapsulation

Hiding internal data, only interacting through methods.

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OOP Abstraction

Simplifying things by focusing on essential properties.

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OOP Polymorphism

Same method can have different actions based on object type.

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Subclasses

Classes that inherit from parent classes.

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Study Notes

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Benefits

  • Modular Code: OOP breaks down code into smaller, manageable units called classes.
  • Flexibility: Easier to modify code parts without affecting others.
  • Reusability: Classes can be used in different programs.

OOP Principles

Inheritance

  • Subclasses inherit properties and methods from a base class.
  • Example: The Dog class inherits from the Animal class, inheriting the speak() method. Dog then overrides it to give a specific dog sound.

Encapsulation

  • Hides internal object state. Interactions happen only through methods.
  • Example: BankAccount class has a private _balance property. deposit() and getBalance() control access.

Abstraction

  • Simplified complex realities. Classes model essential behaviors and properties.
  • Example: Shape class defines an area method, which subclasses like Circle must override to give calculation for their shape specifics.

Polymorphism

  • Same interface for different data types. Different objects react to the same method call in their own particular way.
  • Example: Both Bird and Penguin classes have a fly() method, but their behavior is different.

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