Object Oriented Programming Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is a class in the context of object-oriented programming?

A collection of objects

A built-in data type

A blueprint or template (correct)

An instance of a blueprint

Where are the data members typically located in a UML class diagram?

In the private section of the class (correct)

In the public section of the class

In the constructor of the class

In the destructor of the class

What is the purpose of a constructor in a class?

To release memory reserved by the object

To delete an object

To initialize objects with data variables (correct)

To display the properties of an object

What is the role of a destructor in C++?

To deallocate memory reserved by an object Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a class and an object?

A class is a blueprint, while an object is an instance of the class Signup and view all the answers

What is true about memory management in C++?

C++ uses destructors to manage memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the default access control for classes in C++?

Private Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of C++ that leads to Object-Oriented programming?

Classes Signup and view all the answers

What is a class in C++?

A user-defined data type Signup and view all the answers

What is an object in C++?

An instance of a class Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a class in C++?

To bundle data and methods into one single unit Signup and view all the answers

What is the convention for naming classes in C++?

Class name should start with an uppercase letter Signup and view all the answers

What are the features of OOPS that revolve around classes in C++?

Inheritance, Encapsulation, Abstraction, Polymorphism Signup and view all the answers

Where can member functions of a class be defined?

Either inside or outside the class definition Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of inheritance in object-oriented programming?

To promote code reusability and establish a relationship between classes Signup and view all the answers

What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

The ability to treat objects of different classes as objects of a common superclass Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a UML class diagram?

To provide a high-level overview of the structure and relationships among classes Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a default constructor and an overloaded constructor?

A default constructor has no parameters, while an overloaded constructor has multiple parameters Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of access specifiers in encapsulation?

To provide a level of access control to the data Signup and view all the answers

What is method overriding in object-oriented programming?

When a method has the same name and parameters in the superclass and subclass Signup and view all the answers

How many sections does a UML class diagram have?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a setter function in a class?

To set the value of a data member Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classes and Objects

A class is a blueprint or template, with no storage assigned when defined.
Objects are instances of a class, holding data variables and member functions working on those variables.
Each object has different data variables and is initialized using special class functions called constructors.
When an object is out of scope, a special class member function called a destructor is called to release memory.

Class Definition

A class name should start with an uppercase letter, and the first letter of each word should be in uppercase if the name is more than one word.
Classes contain data members and member functions, with access depending on access specifiers.
Class member functions can be defined inside or outside the class definition.

Access Specifiers

Public: can be accessed from anywhere
Private: can be accessed only in the class where it is defined
Protected: can be accessed in the class it was defined and any subclass of the class

Inheritance

Inheritance allows a new class (derived class) to inherit properties and behaviors from an existing class (base class).
It promotes reusability and establishes a relationship between the base class and the derived class.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism means "many shapes" and allows objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass.
Method Overloading: same method name, different parameters
Method Overriding: same method name and parameters in the superclass and subclass, with the subclass overriding the superclass method.

UML Class Diagram

A visual representation of the structure and relationships among classes in an object-oriented system.
Provides a high-level overview of classes, their attributes, methods, and associations.
The UML Class Diagram has three sections: public, private, and protected.