Object-Oriented Programming and Multithreading

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• OOP is a programming paradigm that uses objects to represent data and methods.
• Encapsulation is a mechanism that bundles data and methods within an object.
• Abstraction simplifies complex functionality by providing a high-level interface.
• Inheritance allows classes to inherit properties and methods from parent classes.
• Polymorphism enables objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common type.

Multithreading

• Multithreading enables multiple threads to execute concurrently within a single process.
• Threads share the same memory space, allowing them to communicate efficiently.
• Thread creation and management are handled by the java.lang.Thread class.
• The Runnable interface defines the run() method executed by a thread.
• Synchronization mechanisms prevent data corruption when multiple threads access shared resources.

Exception Handling

• Exceptions are runtime errors that interrupt normal program execution.
• Exception handling provides a mechanism for catching and handling exceptions.
• The try block encloses code that might throw an exception.
• The catch block handles a specific type of exception.
• The finally block executes regardless of whether an exception is caught.

Collections

• Collections provide a framework for storing and manipulating groups of objects.
• The java.util package contains various collection classes, such as List, Set, and Map.
• List maintains the order of elements, allowing duplicates.
• Set does not maintain order and prohibits duplicates.
• Map stores key-value pairs, ensuring uniqueness of keys.

Streams

• Streams provide a declarative approach to processing sequences of data.
• Streams support operations like filtering, mapping, and reducing data.
• The Stream interface provides methods for manipulating stream elements.
• The Stream API is introduced in Java 8, offering a functional programming style.

Lambda Functions

• Lambda functions are anonymous functions that can be defined and invoked without naming them.
• Lambda expressions provide a concise and flexible way to define behaviors.
• They can be used for functional interfaces like Runnable, Callable, and Comparator.

Callable Interface

• The Callable interface represents tasks that return a result.
• The call() method of a Callable object is executed asynchronously by a thread.
• Callable tasks can be submitted to an ExecutorService for asynchronous execution.

Runnable Interface

• The Runnable interface represents tasks that do not return a result.
• The run() method of a Runnable object is executed by a thread.
• Runnable tasks can be created directly or using lambda expressions.

Explore the fundamental concepts of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), including encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism. Delve into the principles of multithreading, thread management, and synchronization in programming. This quiz covers essential techniques used in programming for efficient code management and error handling.