Obesity and Health Implications Quiz
31 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary measure used to classify obesity internationally?

  • Quetelet's Index (correct)
  • Body Fat Percentage
  • Caloric Intake Levels
  • Waist-to-hip ratio

Which category of BMI is classified as 'Obese Class I'?

  • 35-39.9
  • 25-29.9
  • 30-34.9 (correct)
  • 40 and above

Which statement regarding the distribution of adipose tissue is true?

  • Central obesity is equally common in men and women.
  • Central obesity is more common in men. (correct)
  • Central obesity has no association with cancer risk.
  • Central obesity is less common in men compared to women.

What percentage of the hereditary link to obesity is estimated to be due to genetic factors?

<p>65-80% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethnic group is mentioned as having lower obesity rates potentially due to diet?

<p>Asians (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of total body fat is contributed by SubCut adipose tissue?

<p>Over 80% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that influences tumor growth related to obesity?

<p>Hormonal signaling from adipose tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of Intra and Retro Peritoneal adipose tissue?

<p>Gluteal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body weight category has the highest reported prevalence in Ireland?

<p>Overweight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the physiological mechanisms linking obesity to cancer?

<p>Increased pressure on the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do diets rich in methyl groups play in obesity and cancer risk?

<p>They promote the brown phenotype in mice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic inflammation due to obesity can affect cancer development through which type of mechanism?

<p>Immunological (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does obesity paradoxically influence anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy responses?

<p>Better response to treatment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does adipose conditioned media (ACM) play in relation to chemotherapy?

<p>It protects against chemotherapy-induced cell death through VEGF. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hallmarks of cancer is NOT mentioned in the summary?

<p>Avoiding apoptosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect did the presence of Avastin have on the ACM and 5FU treatment?

<p>It completely negated the protective effect of ACM against 5FU. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mechanisms is linked to obesity and cancer development?

<p>Tumor-promoting inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided survival data, how does the survival rate of ACM+5FU compare to Control?

<p>ACM+5FU shows a higher survival rate than Control. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does leptin expression potentially impact tumors in vivo?

<p>Leptin expression can have different effects on tumor growth depending on obesity status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the data suggest about the % proliferation relative to control for subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-obese individuals?

<p>It significantly exceeds that of obese individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can the co-culture of human adipose tissue explants with cancer cells have?

<p>It can alter the gene expression profiles of cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are morbidly obese women less likely to report recent mammography?

<p>There may be less awareness or barriers to access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about visceral adipose tissue in obese individuals is correct?

<p>It exhibits significant differences in molecular structure from subcutaneous tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in the % proliferation relative to control across different fat depots?

<p>Subcutaneous adipose tissue consistently presents higher proliferation than visceral adipose tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What relationship is observed regarding breast cancer mortality in morbidly obese women?

<p>Lower screening rates may explain higher mortality rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the % proliferation of visceral adipose tissue compare across different weight categories?

<p>Proliferation is highest in normal weight individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can obesity affect cancer treatment?

<p>Obesity reduces the benefit of molecular targeted therapies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about adipose tissue depots based on proliferation relative to control?

<p>There is a clear molecular distinction between visceral and subcutaneous fat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most likely associated with lower % proliferation in visceral obese individuals?

<p>Greater inflammation levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation corresponds with the trends observed in the study?

<p>Visceral and subcutaneous tissues possess unique proliferation profiles influenced by obesity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adipose tissue type demonstrates the most significant difference in proliferation when comparing non-obese to obese individuals?

<p>Subcutaneous obese adipose tissue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Obesity and Cancer Link

Obesity can increase the risk and worsen the progression of cancer.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measure of body fat based on weight and height.

Central Obesity

Excess fat concentrated around the abdomen.

Obesity Classification

Categorization of obesity based on BMI.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adipose Tissue Signaling

How fat cells communicate with other cells and influence cancer.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Genetic Factors (Obesity)

Genes play a significant role in obesity predisposition, influencing body fat accumulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hallmarks of Cancer

Characteristics that define cancer cells and their behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cancer Risk (Obesity)

Increased risk of certain types of cancer with higher levels of obesity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Obesity cancer link

Obesity is linked to the incidence and death rates of specific cancers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Obesity cancer mechanisms

Obesity affects cancer progression by increasing pressure on organs, causing hormonal changes (like insulin resistance), and through chronic inflammation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Insulin Resistance/IGF Pathway

A pathway in the body that when negatively affected, can contribute to cancer development due to obesity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adipose Tissue Depots

Fat deposits (like abdominal, gluteal, and femoral fat) that may differ in their molecular makeup and impact on health (including cancer).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Obesity and Immunotherapy

Obesity is associated with worse cancer prognosis and weaker immune cells, but paradoxically can lead to better responses to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

Fat stored under the skin.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visceral adipose tissue

Fat stored around internal organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ACM proliferation

The rate of growth of a specific cell type (ACM) in relation to the control group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Subcutaneous ACM proliferation

Growth rate of ACM cells in subcutaneous fat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visceral ACM proliferation

Growth rate of ACM cells in visceral fat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

% Proliferation

Percentage change in cell growth, measured against a control group.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Molecular distinction of adipose tissue

Whether different fat storage depots (subcutaneous and visceral) have different molecular characteristics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leptin's role in tumors

Leptin, a hormone produced by fat cells, has a potential impact on tumor growth. Studies have shown that leptin levels are associated with tumor development, particularly in obese individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Co-culture impact on gene expression

Growing cancer cells alongside human adipose tissue explants can alter the gene expression profile within the cancer cells. This suggests a potential communication and influence between fat cells and cancer cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Obesity and mammography screening

Morbidly obese women are less likely to get mammograms, potentially contributing to higher breast cancer mortality rates in this population.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Obesity and cancer treatment

Obesity might influence the effectiveness of cancer treatments, including molecular targeted therapies. The impact of obesity on treatment response is an area of active research.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visceral adipose tissue and cancer

Visceral fat, the fat surrounding organs, plays a role in cancer development and progression. Understanding its impact on cancer cells is crucial for personalized treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adipose Conditioned Media (ACM)

A solution containing molecules secreted from fat cells that can influence the behavior of other cells, including cancer cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ACM and Chemotherapy

ACM can protect cancer cells from the damaging effects of chemotherapy, potentially making treatments less effective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

VEGF

A protein that promotes blood vessel growth, which can help cancer cells to grow and spread.

Signup and view all the flashcards

ACM and VEGF

ACM can increase VEGF production, potentially contributing to tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Avastin

A drug that blocks VEGF activity, potentially reducing tumor growth and improving chemotherapy response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Obesity and Cancer: Learning Outcomes

  • Discuss the mechanisms linking obesity to cancer development or progression
  • Detail the cellular and molecular factors associated with adipose tissue signaling that can alter tumor growth
  • Describe how obesity and adipose tissue affect cancer hallmarks and influence treatment response

Obesity in Ireland (2008)

  • Overall, 1% underweight (men & women)
  • 35% healthy weight (men 31%, women 40%)
  • 39% overweight (men 47%, women 34%)
  • 23% obese (men 21%, women 25%)
  • 22-32% differential between self-reported and measured rates

Obesity Rates in 2008 (International Comparison)

  • Countries with notable obesity rates are: Ireland, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Netherlands, Italy

Obesity Trends (2010 - 2030 Projections)

  • By 2030, 89% of Irish men are projected to be overweight
  • Obesity rates are rising in the UK, Ireland, Spain, Germany, and the Netherlands for both men and women

Causative Factors Associated with Cancer

  • Socioeconomic status (3%)
  • Reproductive factors (3%)
  • Perinatal factors/growth (5%)
  • Family history of cancer (5%)
  • Viruses/other biological events (5%)
  • Environmental pollution (2%)
  • Prescription drugs/medical procedures (1%)
  • Tobacco (30%)
  • Adult diet/obesity (30%)
  • Sedentary lifestyle (5%)
  • Alcohol (3%)
  • Salt/food additives/contaminants (1%)
  • Ionizing/ultraviolet radiation (2%)
  • 13 types of cancer linked to being overweight or obese (include meningioma, thyroid, esophagus, breast, liver, upper stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, kidney, bowel, ovary, and womb)

Defining Overweight and Obesity (BMI)

  • BMI = weight (kg) / height (m²)²
  • WHO (2003) classifications:
    • Underweight: <18.5
    • Normal weight: 18.5–24.9
    • Overweight: 25–29.9
    • Obesity Class I: 30–34.9
    • Obesity Class II: 35–39.9
    • Extreme obesity Class III: 40+

Adipose Tissue Distribution (Cancer Risk)

  • Central obesity (above the waist) associated with higher cancer risk compared to peripheral obesity (lower body fat)
  • Central obesity is more common among men

Genetic Factors in Obesity

  • Genetic factors account for 65-80% of the heritability of obesity

Agouti Mice (Animal Model)

  • The agouti gene in mice is associated with coat color, obesity, and a higher likelihood of diabetes and cancer
  • Diets rich in methyl groups (specifically, diets rich in soy products) may promote a brown phenotype

The Dutch Hunger Winter (1944)

  • A period of severe food shortage in the Netherlands
  • Energy intake dropped significantly, affecting individuals born to women exposed to famine during pregnancy, increasing the risk of CVD, type 2 diabetes, and later-life obesity
  • Alterations in DNA methylation noted in individuals born to mothers exposed during pregnancy

Obesity Research Program at Trinity College Dublin

  • In vitro, in vivo studies
  • Retrospective and clinical data on all samples (age, sex, date of birth, date of service, body mass index, treatment, survival etc.)
  • Adipose tissue heterogeneity analysis, clinical implications

Adipose Tissue Depots (Molecular Differences)

  • Subcutaneous adipose tissue > 80% total body fat (abdominal, gluteal, femoral)
  • Intra-retroperitoneal adipose tissue 10–20% body fat (omental, mesenteric, epiploic)

Activation of Tumour Pathways

  • Adipose tissue activates tumor pathways, linking obesity and cancer

Impact on Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

  • Obesity may affect cancer diagnosis and treatment, often negatively impacting outcomes, especially for women and white women.
  • Screening rates tend to be lower for obese individuals.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

MSc Mol Med Lecture on Obesity and Cancer PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the classification of obesity, its genetic links, and its implications on health, particularly cancer. This quiz covers various topics ranging from BMI categories to dietary impacts on obesity and cancer risks. Challenge yourself to understand the complex relationship between obesity and overall health.

More Like This

Obesity Overview and Impact
8 questions

Obesity Overview and Impact

EasierCotangent avatar
EasierCotangent
Obesity Overview and BMI Classification
5 questions

Obesity Overview and BMI Classification

AttentiveCalculus avatar
AttentiveCalculus
BMI and Obesity Classification Quiz
35 questions

BMI and Obesity Classification Quiz

SuperElegy avatar
SuperElegy
Obesity Classification and Risks
12 questions

Obesity Classification and Risks

FunOnyx4633 avatar
FunOnyx4633
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser