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Which two observations led Darwin to conclude that there is competition for survival?
Which two observations led Darwin to conclude that there is competition for survival?
Individuals with variations that make them best suited to their environment are, on average, more likely to
Individuals with variations that make them best suited to their environment are, on average, more likely to
Before Darwin published his work, Lamarck and others had suggested mechanisms for evolution. By what means did Darwin propose species evolved over time?
Before Darwin published his work, Lamarck and others had suggested mechanisms for evolution. By what means did Darwin propose species evolved over time?
Natural selection acts on ______ and ______ evolve.
Natural selection acts on ______ and ______ evolve.
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A weed that exhibits resistance to an herbicide ______
A weed that exhibits resistance to an herbicide ______
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Evolution can be best defined as ______
Evolution can be best defined as ______
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The oldest fossils are typically found in the sediments ______
The oldest fossils are typically found in the sediments ______
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Which of the following is evidence for evolution in action?
Which of the following is evidence for evolution in action?
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What is an adaptation?
What is an adaptation?
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Apples that we find in the grocery store today are much larger and sweeter than those found in the wild hundreds of years ago. Which process is responsible for this change?
Apples that we find in the grocery store today are much larger and sweeter than those found in the wild hundreds of years ago. Which process is responsible for this change?
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Which of the following are considered fossils?
Which of the following are considered fossils?
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What is the name for the study of the geographic distribution of species?
What is the name for the study of the geographic distribution of species?
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Comparing the body structures of organisms to find evidence of a shared evolutionary history is called ______
Comparing the body structures of organisms to find evidence of a shared evolutionary history is called ______
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If two organisms of different species share more similar DNA sequences with each other than with other species, we can conclude that ______
If two organisms of different species share more similar DNA sequences with each other than with other species, we can conclude that ______
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Human embryos have a developmental stage during which they have a tail and pharyngeal pouches (those pouches develop into gills in fish). How can we explain these characteristics of human embryos?
Human embryos have a developmental stage during which they have a tail and pharyngeal pouches (those pouches develop into gills in fish). How can we explain these characteristics of human embryos?
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Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection?
Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution by natural selection?
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The modern evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s melded together Darwin's findings with ______
The modern evolutionary synthesis of the 1930s and 1940s melded together Darwin's findings with ______
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What is the smallest unit that can evolve?
What is the smallest unit that can evolve?
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What defines a population in evolution?
What defines a population in evolution?
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Which of the following best defines microevolution?
Which of the following best defines microevolution?
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What does fitness mean when speaking in terms of evolution?
What does fitness mean when speaking in terms of evolution?
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How old is our planet Earth?
How old is our planet Earth?
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When did life first appear on the planet?
When did life first appear on the planet?
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According to this phylogenetic tree, which bear is most closely related to the American black bear?
According to this phylogenetic tree, which bear is most closely related to the American black bear?
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Which of the following statement is correct regarding the phylogenetic tree above?
Which of the following statement is correct regarding the phylogenetic tree above?
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What does the term biogenesis mean?
What does the term biogenesis mean?
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What are the main steps of biogenesis, in the correct order?
What are the main steps of biogenesis, in the correct order?
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What do scientists believe was the original genetic material able to copy itself without assistance?
What do scientists believe was the original genetic material able to copy itself without assistance?
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Which protective structure forms to protect certain bacteria during periods of harsh conditions?
Which protective structure forms to protect certain bacteria during periods of harsh conditions?
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Bacteria that have a spherical shape are called ______.
Bacteria that have a spherical shape are called ______.
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Prokaryotic organisms are present in how many domains?
Prokaryotic organisms are present in how many domains?
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Which of the following statements is accurate?
Which of the following statements is accurate?
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Which organisms are called extremophiles and flourish mostly in extreme conditions?
Which organisms are called extremophiles and flourish mostly in extreme conditions?
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Which of the following is a way in which bacteria help the environment?
Which of the following is a way in which bacteria help the environment?
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Which method of bacterial DNA transfer involves a physical connection between the two bacterial cells?
Which method of bacterial DNA transfer involves a physical connection between the two bacterial cells?
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What are plasmids?
What are plasmids?
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What is the endomembrane system?
What is the endomembrane system?
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What is the leading scientific hypothesis explaining how the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells originated?
What is the leading scientific hypothesis explaining how the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells originated?
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When did the first eukaryotic cells form?
When did the first eukaryotic cells form?
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How did mitochondria and chloroplasts arise in eukaryotic cells?
How did mitochondria and chloroplasts arise in eukaryotic cells?
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Based on the endosymbiosis theory that highlights where chloroplasts come from, how would you expect chloroplasts to divide when a plant cell divides?
Based on the endosymbiosis theory that highlights where chloroplasts come from, how would you expect chloroplasts to divide when a plant cell divides?
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What might be the advantage to an ancestral cell if it maintained a photosynthetic bacterium within its cytoplasm rather than digest it?
What might be the advantage to an ancestral cell if it maintained a photosynthetic bacterium within its cytoplasm rather than digest it?
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How do viruses make copies of themselves?
How do viruses make copies of themselves?
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What are the three parts that make up the structure of most viruses?
What are the three parts that make up the structure of most viruses?
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An infectious circular piece of RNA that can infect plants is called a ______.
An infectious circular piece of RNA that can infect plants is called a ______.
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Which of the following infects only plants?
Which of the following infects only plants?
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Humans are more related to fungi than to plants.
Humans are more related to fungi than to plants.
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Are all fungi prokaryotes?
Are all fungi prokaryotes?
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How do fungi reproduce sexually?
How do fungi reproduce sexually?
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Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?
Which statement regarding fungal reproduction is true?
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Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use?
Where do plants typically store their starches and sugars for later use?
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If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant?
If the phloem in a tree trunk were to become blocked, how would this affect the plant?
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In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells?
In which tissue system of plants would you expect to find the guard cells?
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What are the three tissue systems of plants contained in each plant organ, such as leaves?
What are the three tissue systems of plants contained in each plant organ, such as leaves?
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All plant organs (such as leaves, roots, and stems) contain tissues from all three tissue systems.
All plant organs (such as leaves, roots, and stems) contain tissues from all three tissue systems.
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What is a plant tissue?
What is a plant tissue?
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Study Notes
Exam Review Questions - Biology 1
- Exam Format: 50 multiple choice questions (MCQs), each worth 2 points.
- Total Points: 100
- Question Source: Notes only. A few questions will assess understanding and application.
Competition for Survival
- Darwin's Observations: Overproduction of organisms and limited food resources.
Evolution by Natural Selection
- Darwin's Mechanism: Darwin proposed species evolve over time through the mechanism of natural selection.
- Natural Selection: Individuals with variations best suited to their environment are, on average, more likely to survive and reproduce.
Evidence for Evolution
- Bacterial Resistance: Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics and pesticides over time is an example of evolution in action.
- Domesticated Breeds: The different breeds of dogs created by humans is further evidence for evolution, as features are customized to our needs.
- Adaptation : an adaptation is the result of natural selection, a specialized feature, or the accumulation of favorable traits.
Modern Evolutionary Synthesis
- Integration: Combines Darwin's findings with genetics.
Smallest Unit Evolving
- Population: The smallest unit that can evolve
Phylogenetic Trees
- Relationship: Show evolutionary relationships between species
- Closely Related Species: On the tree, species closest together are more closely related.
Origin of Eukaryotic Cells
- Endosymbiosis: Mitochondria and chloroplasts arose through endosymbiosis, where prokaryotic organisms engulfed other organisms, became organelles, and evolved over time.
- Chloroplast Division: Based on the endosymbiosis theory, chloroplasts divide via binary fission.
Viruses
- Structure: Composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a capsid.
Microorganisms
- Bacteria Shape: Spherical bacteria are called coccus
- Bacterial DNA Transfer: Conjugation, a physical connection between cells, transfers DNA.
Plant Structures
- Plant Tissue Storage: Sugars and starches are stored primarily in the roots.
- Plant Tissue Systems: Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue systems.
- Photosynthesis: Is a mechanism a plant may use to create its own food. This feature could potentially adapt in relation to its environment.
Kingdoms
- Fungi's Reproduction: Many fungi can reproduce asexually and sexually.
- Fungi vs Plants: Some Fungi are related to animals.
- Prokaryotic Organisms: Prokaryotes reproduce via binary fission, a means or method of reproduction.
Vertebrates and Other Key Characteristics
- Vertebrate Characteristics: All vertebrates possess a vertebral column or backbone
- Chordates: Organisms having or characterized by a notochord and a hollow nerve cord. This is often used to identify chordates during embryonic development.
- Mammals Subgroups: The three main subgroups include monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians.
- Primates: Key feature of primates is a large brain relative to body size.
- Humans are part of the taxonomic group of mammals called Primates.
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