Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of seminal fluid in males?
What is considered an abnormal sperm count that can lead to sterility?
Which of the following glands contributes 30% to the total volume of seminal fluid?
What is the normal volume range of semen in males?
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Which structure is NOT part of the internal genitalia?
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What anatomical structure protects the nerves involved in urination and erection in males?
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Which cells in the testes are primarily responsible for the production of testosterone?
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What is the primary function of the seminiferous tubules in the male reproductive system?
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What is the primary role of the male reproductive system?
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What structure is described as a rugged, skin-covered, muscular pouch suspended from the perineum?
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In the context of sperm production, what are germ cells developed within?
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How do the testes contribute to the male reproductive system?
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What specific function does the scrotum serve in the male reproductive system?
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What is the primary androgenic hormone's role in males during puberty?
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What is menstruation characterized by?
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Which of the following hormones is secreted at high levels during puberty in females?
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What does the process of spermatogenesis involve?
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Which changes occur in girls when influenced by androgens during adrenarche?
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What is the primary function of Bartholin's glands?
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What changes occur to the mons pubis during puberty?
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What are Skene's glands responsible for?
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How does the labia majora differ from the labia minora?
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What is the vaginal orifice?
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What happens to the labia minora during vaginal delivery in nulliparous women?
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Which of these hair patterns is typical for females after puberty?
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What role do sebaceous glands play in the mons pubis?
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What hormone is primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovum during the first half of the menstrual cycle?
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the production of progesterone?
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During which phase does the endometrium proliferate due to high levels of estrogen?
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What triggers ovulation during the menstrual cycle?
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What happens to progesterone and estrogen levels during the menstrual phase?
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What is the primary hormone secreted by the corpus luteum?
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In which ovarian phase does high estrogen secretion occur?
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During the secretory phase, which of the following occurs?
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Study Notes
Male Reproductive System
- Rugated, muscular pouch known as the scrotum suspends from the perineum, protecting nerves related to urination and erections.
- Main function is to support the testes and regulate sperm temperature.
- Testes manufacture testosterone and produce sperm, measuring 2-3 cm, encased in a fibrous capsule divided into lobules.
- Leydig cells within lobules are responsible for testosterone production; seminiferous tubules produce spermatozoa.
- Spermatozoa are male reproductive cells, essential for reproduction.
- Seminiferous fluid comprises secretions from various glands: 60% from seminal vesicles, 30% from prostate, 5% from testes, and 5% from Cowper's gland.
- Normal semen volume ranges from 2 to 5 ml, containing approximately 100 million sperm cells per ml; counts below 20 million are considered abnormal and may lead to infertility.
Female Reproductive System
- Mons pubis is a pad of fat above the symphysis pubis, providing trauma protection and featuring sebaceous glands.
- Labia majora are elongated, hair-covered folds that protect external organs; labia minora are thinner, hair-free, and often tear during delivery.
- Bartholin’s glands secrete alkaline mucus to lubricate the vaginal introitus and enhance sperm survival.
- Skene’s glands, located near the urethra, provide lubrication during sexual stimulation.
- The vaginal orifice serves as the external opening, with sensitive G-spot located on the anterior vaginal wall.
Hormonal Influences
- In males, primary androgenic hormones surge during puberty, influencing development of reproductive structures and secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and deeper voice.
- In females, estrogen (estrone, estradiol, estriol) secreted by ovarian follicles facilitates reproductive organ development and menstrual regulation.
- Hypothalamus releases LHRH; anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH, regulating the menstrual cycle phases.
Menstrual Cycle
- Menstruation involves periodic discharge of blood, mucus, and epithelial cells from the uterus due to hormonal changes.
- Ovarian cycle consists of follicular phase (day 1 to ovulation), luteal phase (post-ovulation), and influences ovulation and uterine lining growth.
- Uterine cycle includes proliferative phase (endometrium thickens), secretory phase (preparation for potential implantation), and menstrual phase (sloughing off of the endometrium).
- Progesterone and estrogen levels fluctuate, with both hormones decreasing during the menstrual phase leading to tissue degeneration.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics in Obstetric Nursing for the first semester. It includes important notes and focuses on key anatomical structures and their functions related to urination and erection. Prepare for your prelim exams with this comprehensive assessment.
