OB Focal Points for Final Exam Review
36 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of herpes simplex virus is more commonly associated with cold sores?

  • Neither type
  • Both types equally
  • HSV-2
  • HSV-1 (correct)

    • What is a common method of transmission for herpes simplex virus during childbirth?

  • Natural birth without complications
  • Through breast milk
  • Through lesions requiring a C-section (correct)
  • Transplacental transmission

    • Which of the following statements about hepatitis A is true?

  • It is primarily sexually transmitted.
  • It is never asymptomatic.
  • It has a vaccine available. (correct)
  • It requires interferon treatment.

    • What treatment option is used for hepatitis C?

    <p>Interferon alfa or ribavirin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hepatitis type can be asymptomatic?

    <p>Hepatitis C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates caput succedaneum in a newborn?

    <p>Edema on the scalp from pressure during delivery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heat loss occurs when a newborn's body loses heat to cooler air around it?

    <p>Convection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex in newborns is characterized by dorsiflexion and fanning of the toes?

    <p>Babinski reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant complication associated with inadequate thermoregulation in newborns?

    <p>Hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which abnormal finding indicates a need for immediate medical attention in a newborn?

    <p>Pathologic jaundice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measures are recommended to prevent vertical transmission of HIV?

    <p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) and cesarean section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about breastfeeding and HIV transmission is accurate?

    <p>Breastfeeding has been linked to HIV transmission. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done immediately for newborns exposed to hepatitis B?

    <p>They should receive a hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can HIV be transmitted to a fetus?

    <p>Through maternal circulation during labor and birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What intervention is NOT recommended for a mother with HIV?

    <p>Breastfeeding the infant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indicator of the start of Stage 1 of labor?

    <p>Cervical dilation from 0 to 10 cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of Stage 3 of labor?

    <p>Placenta is expected to exit within 20-30 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fetal heart rate deceleration is caused primarily by umbilical cord compression?

    <p>Variable Deceleration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines the latency phase in Stage 2 of labor?

    <p>Contractions present without significant pushing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What vital sign monitoring frequency is recommended during Stage 4 of labor?

    <p>Every 15 minutes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal fetal heart rate range considered during monitoring?

    <p>110-160 bpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which category does a pattern with absent variability and bradycardia fall?

    <p>Category 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deceleration is characterized by a mirror image of contractions?

    <p>Early Deceleration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'I' in the LIONs intervention stand for?

    <p>IV fluid bolus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following interventions is NOT indicated for late decelerations?

    <p>Perform immediate C-section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of early decelerations?

    <p>Do not require any interventions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is associated with a pattern that comes after the peak of contractions?

    <p>Late Deceleration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient is experiencing variable decelerations, which intervention might be appropriate?

    <p>Initiate amnioinfusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of phototherapy in the context of jaundice management?

    <p>To reduce bilirubin levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reflex is activated by placing an object in an infant's palm?

    <p>Palmar reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern associated with pathologic jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Acute bilirubin encephalopathy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what bilirubin level is kernicterus typically a concern in newborns?

    <p>20 mg/dL (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Coombs positive and Coombs negative results in the context of jaundice?

    <p>Guide the decision to intensify phototherapy if positive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indicator of adequate nutrition in managing jaundice?

    <p>Immediate weight gain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should the Apgar score be determined for a newborn?

    <p>1 and 5 minutes after birth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of kernicterus?

    <p>Increased energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Genital Herpes (HSV)

    A sexually transmitted infection causing recurrent genital sores.

    HSV Types and Transmission

    HSV-1 usually causes oral sores, HSV-2 genital sores, and transmission can occur during labor/birth.

    Hepatitis A, B, and C

    Viral infections affecting the liver; A, B, and C.

    Hepatitis A prevention

    Vaccine available; pregnant women exposed can receive immune globulin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hepatitis B and C treatment

    Hepatitis B has vaccine with no specific treatment; Hepatitis C has interferon or ribavirin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hepatitis B in Newborns

    Newborns must receive both the Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) for protection.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hepatitis C Transmission

    Hepatitis C is not known to be transmitted through breastfeeding.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    HIV Transmission during Labor

    HIV can be passed to the fetus during labor and birth through maternal circulation, fluids, or breastmilk.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Preventing Vertical HIV Transmission

    Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and Cesarean section are recommended to prevent HIV transmission from mother to baby.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    HIV and Breastfeeding

    Breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers with HIV.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Lightening

    The baby drops lower into the pelvis, easing pressure on the diaphragm but making it harder to breathe.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Bloody Show

    A pinkish or bloody discharge that occurs when the cervix starts to dilate and the mucus plug is expelled.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stage 1 of Labor

    The longest stage, divided into two phases: latency (slow dilation, contractions are mild) and active (faster dilation with stronger contractions).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Stage 2 of Labor

    The baby is born, and the mother pushes during contractions. It includes two phases: latency (10cm dilated but no pushing) and active (pushing after full dilation).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    VEAL CHOP

    An acronym for interpreting fetal heart rate patterns: Variable decelerations (Cord compression), Early decelerations (Head compression), Accelerations (Good signs), Late decelerations (Placental insufficiency).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Normal Fetal Heart Rate Pattern

    A fetal heart rate pattern with no associations with fetal hypoxemia, resulting in normal APGAR scores.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fetal Heart Rate Accelerations

    Increases in fetal heart rate that are short-lived and mirror images of contractions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Early Decelerations

    Gradual decreases in fetal heart rate that coincide with the peak of contractions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Late Decelerations

    Decreases in fetal heart rate that begin after the peak of a contraction and don't return to baseline until after the contraction ends.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Variable Decelerations

    Decreases in fetal heart rate that are abrupt and vary in shape and duration.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    LIONs

    An acronym for interventions to address late decelerations: Left side, IV fluids, Oxygen, Notify HCP, Stop Oxytocin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are the interventions for late decelerations?

    LIONs: Left side, IV fluids, Oxygen, Notify HCP, Stop Oxytocin.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Amnioinfusion

    A procedure that involves injecting a fluid into the amniotic sac to increase the volume of amniotic fluid.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Caput Succedaneum

    Swelling on the scalp caused by pressure during delivery. It crosses the suture lines and is mostly fluid. It can lead to jaundice.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Cephalohematoma

    Localized collection of blood under the scalp, usually caused by vacuum extraction or pressure during birth. It is confined to one bone and doesn't cross suture lines. It can lead to jaundice.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Subgaleal Hemorrhage

    A severe form of cephalohematoma where blood collects in the space between the skull and periosteum. It is a serious condition that requires monitoring of vital signs and head circumference.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Thermoregulation in Newborns

    The process of maintaining a stable body temperature. Newborns are highly vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and lose heat quickly.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Types of Newborn Heat Loss

    Newborns lose heat through convection (air), radiation (surfaces), evaporation (liquid turning into gas), and conduction (direct contact). Remember the mnemonic 'CRAVE' for Convection, Radiation, Evaporation, and Conduction.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Palmar Reflex

    An involuntary flexion response in an infant's hand when an object or finger is placed in their palm.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Rooting Reflex

    An infant's instinctive turning of their head towards a touch on their cheek, searching for a nipple to suck.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Physiologic Jaundice

    A normal yellowish discoloration of an infant's skin and eyes, usually appearing after 24 hours of birth and disappearing within 2 weeks.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Pathologic Jaundice

    An abnormal yellowish discoloration of an infant's skin and eyes, appearing within 24 hours of birth and potentially leading to complications.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kernicterus

    A serious brain damage caused by high bilirubin levels in an infant's blood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Apgar Score

    A measurement of a newborn's health assessed at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, based on five vital signs.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are the five signs assessed in an Apgar score?

    Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (breathing effort).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    When is an Apgar score determined?

    An Apgar score is determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, with an additional assessment at 10 minutes if the 5-minute score is less than 7.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    OB Focal Points for Final

    • Magnesium sulfate is contraindicated with magnesium.
    • Violence screening should be done during the initial assessment.
      • All women should be screened for violence.
      • Screening should focus on those with frequent somatic symptoms or signs of domestic abuse.
    • Endometriosis is tissue growth outside the uterus.
      • Symptoms include dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia, abnormal bleeding and decreased fertility.
      • Treatment includes surgery and medications to suppress estrogen levels.
    • STIs are significant during pregnancy and delivery.
      • Chlamydia can be asymptomatic.
      • Screening and treatment methods for STI's like Chlamydia are discussed.
      • Complications of certain STIs on the fetus/newborn are detailed.
    • Normal versus abnormal findings during pregnancy.
      • Physiologic adaptations of pregnancy are outlined.
      • Red flags and their interpretations are noted.
      • Specific abnormalities, such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, decreased/absent fetal movement, and elevated liver enzymes should be carefully assessed.
    • Normal newborn reflexes and their importance are detailed.
      • A variety of different reflexes are listed, and reasons for their presence or absence.
    • Gestational diabetes
      • Risk factors are highlighted
    • Newborn medications like eye prophylaxis (erythromycin ophthalmic ointment), vitamin K, and Hep B vaccines.
    • Normal vs abnormal findings in newborns are noted.
      • Apgar scoring, physiologic versus pathologic jaundice, thermoregulation are discussed.
      • Detailed descriptions of normal newborn reflexes and abnormal findings in a newborn are listed.
    • Identification and management of postpartum hemorrhage.
      • Classification is included.
      • Common causes are discussed and preventative measures listed.
      • Additional information about signs of PPH, classification, and evaluation for uterine atony and possible lacerations in the genital tract are included.
    • Postpartum issues
      • Postpartum blues, depression, and psychosis are listed along with definitions as relevant to obstetrics
    • Acrosyanoisis, and central cyanosis findings need to be differentiated.
      • Central cyanosis is more critical, and should be evaluated for potential underlying conditions.
    • Birth trauma - including different types of injuries and how to recognize them.
      • Different types of soft injuries and skeletal injuries are detailed.

    Additional Information

    • Importance of Hand hygiene and breastfeeding are emphasized as important aspects of general obstetrical care.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Ob Focal Points for Final Exam SP24-1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on key concepts related to obstetrics, including the contraindications of magnesium sulfate, the importance of violence screening in pregnant women, and the implications of endometriosis and STIs during pregnancy. It also covers normal versus abnormal findings, highlighting red flags and their interpretations. Prepare effectively for your final exam with these crucial points in mind.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser