OB Focal Points for Final Exam Review

A sexually transmitted infection causing recurrent genital sores.

HSV-1 usually causes oral sores, HSV-2 genital sores, and transmission can occur during labor/birth.

Viral infections affecting the liver; A, B, and C.

Vaccine available; pregnant women exposed can receive immune globulin.

Hepatitis B has vaccine with no specific treatment; Hepatitis C has interferon or ribavirin.

Newborns must receive both the Hepatitis B vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (HBIG) for protection.

Hepatitis C is not known to be transmitted through breastfeeding.

HIV can be passed to the fetus during labor and birth through maternal circulation, fluids, or breastmilk.

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and Cesarean section are recommended to prevent HIV transmission from mother to baby.

Breastfeeding is not recommended for mothers with HIV.

The baby drops lower into the pelvis, easing pressure on the diaphragm but making it harder to breathe.

A pinkish or bloody discharge that occurs when the cervix starts to dilate and the mucus plug is expelled.

The longest stage, divided into two phases: latency (slow dilation, contractions are mild) and active (faster dilation with stronger contractions).

The baby is born, and the mother pushes during contractions. It includes two phases: latency (10cm dilated but no pushing) and active (pushing after full dilation).

An acronym for interpreting fetal heart rate patterns: Variable decelerations (Cord compression), Early decelerations (Head compression), Accelerations (Good signs), Late decelerations (Placental insufficiency).

A fetal heart rate pattern with no associations with fetal hypoxemia, resulting in normal APGAR scores.

Increases in fetal heart rate that are short-lived and mirror images of contractions.

Gradual decreases in fetal heart rate that coincide with the peak of contractions.

Decreases in fetal heart rate that begin after the peak of a contraction and don't return to baseline until after the contraction ends.

Decreases in fetal heart rate that are abrupt and vary in shape and duration.

An acronym for interventions to address late decelerations: Left side, IV fluids, Oxygen, Notify HCP, Stop Oxytocin.

LIONs: Left side, IV fluids, Oxygen, Notify HCP, Stop Oxytocin.

A procedure that involves injecting a fluid into the amniotic sac to increase the volume of amniotic fluid.

Swelling on the scalp caused by pressure during delivery. It crosses the suture lines and is mostly fluid. It can lead to jaundice.

Localized collection of blood under the scalp, usually caused by vacuum extraction or pressure during birth. It is confined to one bone and doesn't cross suture lines. It can lead to jaundice.

A severe form of cephalohematoma where blood collects in the space between the skull and periosteum. It is a serious condition that requires monitoring of vital signs and head circumference.

The process of maintaining a stable body temperature. Newborns are highly vulnerable to temperature fluctuations and lose heat quickly.

Newborns lose heat through convection (air), radiation (surfaces), evaporation (liquid turning into gas), and conduction (direct contact). Remember the mnemonic 'CRAVE' for Convection, Radiation, Evaporation, and Conduction.

An involuntary flexion response in an infant's hand when an object or finger is placed in their palm.

An infant's instinctive turning of their head towards a touch on their cheek, searching for a nipple to suck.

A normal yellowish discoloration of an infant's skin and eyes, usually appearing after 24 hours of birth and disappearing within 2 weeks.

An abnormal yellowish discoloration of an infant's skin and eyes, appearing within 24 hours of birth and potentially leading to complications.

A serious brain damage caused by high bilirubin levels in an infant's blood.

A measurement of a newborn's health assessed at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, based on five vital signs.

Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), Respiration (breathing effort).

An Apgar score is determined at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, with an additional assessment at 10 minutes if the 5-minute score is less than 7.