Cell Therapy Primer

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Which type of cells are used in cell therapy to treat diseases or conditions?

Differentiated cells (correct)

Autologous cells

Pluripotent stem cells

HLA markers

What is the main advantage of using autologous cells in cell therapy?

Longer life span

Low immunogenicity (correct)

Abundant source

Faster FDA approval

What is the minimum number of HLAs that should match for a successful bone marrow transplant?

2

4

8

6 (correct)

What is the main disadvantage of using autologous cells in cell therapy?

Logistics Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are collected from young, healthy donors and used to treat patients in cell therapy?

Allogeneic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with allogeneic cell therapy that can potentially shut down organs and be fatal?

Graft Versus Host Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of allogeneic cells in cell therapy?

Standardization of drug products Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of lymphocytes involved in the immune response?

Helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key feature of CAR-T cell therapy products?

They target liquid cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for sustained protein expression in CAR-T cell therapy?

The CAR gene is integrated into the chromosomes of the T-cell Signup and view all the answers

Which antigen do CAR-T cell therapies like Kymriah, Yescarta, Tecartus, and Breyanzi target?

CD19 Signup and view all the answers

What are the common side effects of CAR-T cell therapy?

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tumor is characterized by growths in organs or tissues that form lumps and can spread to other body parts if they metastasize?

Malignant tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Helper T-cells in the immune response?

Activate and direct other immune cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytotoxic granules released by immune cells in the immune response against cancer cells?

Punch a hole in the cancer cell to make a path for granzyme to enter and denature its proteins resulting in the cell’s death Signup and view all the answers

What type of tumor antigen is located on both normal cells and cancer cells but is abnormally expressed on cancer cells?

Tumor-associated antigen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about CAR-T cell therapy?

CAR-T cells are T-cells genetically modified to express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Transmembrane Domain in the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)?

It helps dock the receptor in the membrane and interact with the neighboring receptor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Linker in the Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)?

It acts as a flexible connector that can join to any Target Element forming the CAR. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CAR-T cell therapy in cancer treatment?

CAR-T cells induce the patient's immune system to target specific cancer cell antigens. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT true about blood transfusions?

Blood transfusions are a form of cell therapy. Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with discovering blood types?

Karl Landsteiner Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component in red blood cells that carries oxygen?

Hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of bone marrow transplants?

To treat blood disorders and cancers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge that impacts the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy?

CAR-T cell exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

What happens when CAR-T cells face constant stimulation or overstimulation and release excessive cytokines?

Inhibitory receptors on the CAR-T cells are activated Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the turning off of CAR-T cells by a negative feedback mechanism?

CAR-T cell exhaustion Signup and view all the answers

What impact does dysfunctional T-cells harvested from the patient have on CAR-T cell therapy?

They are only persistent for a short time Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of inhibitory receptors on CAR-T cells in CAR-T cell exhaustion?

They are activated by excessive cytokines Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a challenge that impacts the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy?

Immunoglobulin G infusions Signup and view all the answers