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Questions and Answers
Which scientist was the first to observe sperm and egg cells?
Who concluded that all plants are made of cells, contributing to the cell theory?
What term did Robert Hooke use to describe the small compartments he observed in cork?
What significant contribution did Robert Hooke make to the field of microscopy in 1665?
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Which aspect of cells was primarily studied by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodore Schwann using advanced microscopes?
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What was the key conclusion made by Theodore Schwann in 1839?
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Who was the professor of physiology at the University of Louvain, Belgium?
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What does the term 'Omnis cellula e cellula' refer to?
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Which scientist is credited with the idea that all cells come from other cells?
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What were the first two postulates of the cell theory established by Schwann and Schleiden?
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Study Notes
Key Figures in Cell Theory
- Theodore Schwann: German zoologist who concluded in 1839 that all animals are made of cells; cofounder of cell theory.
- Matthias Schleiden: Published research in 1838 on plant cells; cofounder of cell theory, asserting that all plants consist of cells.
- Rudolph Virchow: German physician who, in 1855, formulated that "all cells come from pre-existing cells” following observation of cell division. His assertion "Omnis cellula e cellula" was a foundational postulate of cell theory.
- Robert Remak: Credited with the discovery of cell division in 1855, influencing concepts later adopted by Virchow.
Development of Microscopy
- Robert Hooke: The first to name cells in 1665 while observing cork under his compound microscope; coins the term "cells" due to their resemblance to monk quarters.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Improved microscope design in 1673, facilitating observation of living cells including bacteria and animalcules (protozoa).
Cell Theory Postulates
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Postulates Established:
- All organisms consist of one or more cells.
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells.
Characteristics of Organisms
- All living things are composed of cells.
- Require energy for survival (food).
- Ability to reproduce and pass on species traits.
- Maintain homeostasis, ensuring internal balance.
- Organized structure, responding to environmental changes.
- Exhibit growth and development.
Types of Organisms
- Unicellular Organisms: Composed of one cell; primarily microscopic (e.g., bacteria, protozoa).
- Multicellular Organisms: Composed of many cells; visible to the naked eye (e.g., plants, animals).
Importance of Microscopy
- Microscopes allow for the visualization of microscopic life forms and cellular structures, fundamentally leading to the discovery of the cell as the basic unit of life.
- Advanced microscopes enhanced studies that led to cell theory, disproving the theory of spontaneous generation.
Learning Outcomes
- Understanding cell theory and cell structure/function.
- Differentiation between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
- Knowledge of cell types and modifications, as well as the cell cycle, including mitosis and meiosis.
- Ability to construct 3D cell models using various materials.
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