Nýnasismi og Fasismi

Nationalist and Fascist Ideologies

• Nationalism: The belief that one's nation is superior to others. Focuses on defending national culture and interests.
• Racism: The belief that some races are superior to others. Used by Nazis to persecute Jewish people and other groups.
• Fascism: A political ideology emphasizing strong state power, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazism is a type of fascism, but with racial hatred and the 'superior race' concept.

Adolf Hitler

• Leader: Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi Party in Germany.
• Rule: He ruled Germany from 1933 to 1945 and led the country into World War II.
• Goals: Wanted to create a "pure" German nation, and held deep hatred for Jewish people.

Treaties and Agreements

• Treaty of Versailles (1919): Ended World War I, demanding heavy reparations from Germany, territorial losses, and military limitations. Many Germans resented this, contributing to the rise of the Nazi Party.
• Munich Agreement (1938): Germany was permitted to annex the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia. Intended to avoid war, but failed.
• Hitler's 1923 Attempted Coup: An unsuccessful attempt to seize power through violence. Imprisonment led to the writing of Mein Kampf.

Economic Conditions

• German Inflation: Post-World War I, German currency lost value. Food became unaffordable and savings were wiped out. This fueled resentment and made people receptive to radical ideologies.

Nazi Policies

• Eugenics: The idea of improving the human race by letting certain groups reproduce and stopping the reproduction of others. Nazism implemented horrific actions against those deemed "undesirable."
• Hitler Youth: Organizations to indoctrinate children with Nazi ideology, loyal to Hitler, and prepare them for war.
• Nazi Slogans: "One people, one nation, one leader" (Hitler wanted a unified nation, controlled by himself). "The Jews are our misfortune" (blaming Jews for all problems). "Our last hope – Hitler" (Hitler as the nation's only hope). "Guns before butter" (prioritizing military strength over consumer goods).
• Third Reich: Hitler called it the "Third Reich" because he wanted it to be the next strong German empire, following the Holy Roman Empire and the German Empire.
• Breaking the Treaty of Versailles: Rebuilding the German military, annexing Austria, and reoccupying the Rhineland.

Nazi Party in Iceland

• Nationalist Party: Icelandic Nazis called their party the "Nationalist Party" to emphasize their nationalist agenda and links to Nazi ideology.

Key Dates

• 1919: Treaty of Versailles.
• 1923: Hitler's failed Munich Putsch.
• 1933: Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany.
• 1938: Munich Agreement.
• 1939: Start of World War II (invasion of Poland).

Study Techniques

• Map Work: Study maps showing changes in European borders, Nazi expansion, and key locations (Sudetenland, Rhineland, Poland).
• Review: Review key terms and compare and contrast different ideologies. Practice matching dates with events.
• Practice Questions: Work through practice questions independently.
• Clarifications: Ask for clarification on anything unclear.

Additional Concepts

• Mein Kampf: Hitler's autobiography detailing Nazi ideology and his personal experiences.
• Antisemitism: Hatred or prejudice against Jewish people.
• Eugenics: Improving the human race through selective breeding.
• Propaganda: Information used to persuade people to adopt a certain belief or action.
• Chancellor: German title for the prime minister.
• SA: Nazi paramilitary organization known for violence.

Additional Details (from questions)

• Hitler's rise to power (1923): He attempted a coup, the Beer Hall Putsch.
• SA members (1934): Removed to consolidate Hitler's power.

Additional Information

• Mussolini's Rise to Power (Q31): Marched on Rome with his fascist supporters.

• Picasso's Guernica: (Q39) Artwork portraying the suffering of war. Possible interpretations of imagery: bull (violence or fear), horse (sacrificed human), woman-and-child (effect of war on innocents).

Þetta kvizz fjallar um nýnasismi og fasismi og hvernig þau hugmyndafræði hafa haft áhrif á mannkynssöguna. Við munum kanna mikilvægar persónur eins og Adolf Hitler og helstu samninga eins og Versalasamninginn. Taktu þátt og prófaðu þekkingu þína á þessum mikilvægu efnum.