Nutritional Alterations Quiz
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Nutritional Alterations Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the potential effects of undernutrition on children?

  • Enhanced physical growth
  • Higher risk of learning disabilities (correct)
  • Improved immune responses
  • Increased energy levels

    • What is the primary concern of overnutrition?

  • Excessive nutrient intake for normal metabolism (correct)
  • Malnutrition and vitamin inadequacies
  • Decreased appetite in individuals
  • Allergic reactions to specific foods

    • How do food allergies differ from food intolerances?

  • Food allergies are immune system overreactions to food proteins (correct)
  • Food intolerances only occur in children
  • Intolerances are related to immune system reactions
  • Food allergies occur from difficulty digesting foods

    • What aspect of nutrition is emphasized during periods of acute illness or surgery of the GI tract?

    <p>Nurses should assist with coping changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a direct effect of overnutrition?

    <p>Increased risk of type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential component of nursing care regarding nutrition?

    <p>Promoting appropriate food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can inadequate food intake lead to in terms of health?

    <p>Malnutrition and diet-related diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of insufficient calcium intake?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with a deficiency of vitamin C?

    <p>Scurvy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin can lead to convulsions if there is a deficiency?

    <p>Vitamin B12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rare complication associated with excessive vitamin K?

    <p>Jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does vitamin D promote calcium absorption?

    <p>By enhancing intestinal absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins can lead to hypercalcemia if taken in excess?

    <p>Vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic disorder is linked to lactose intolerance?

    <p>Hypercholesterolemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which modifiable risk factor can positively affect elevated cholesterol levels?

    <p>Food intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary adjustment is important for managing diabetes?

    <p>Restriction of carbohydrate intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nutrient's deficiency can cause erythrocyte hemolysis in premature infants?

    <p>Vitamin E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is self-diagnosis of gluten intolerance discouraged?

    <p>It may increase the risk of nutrient deficiencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of celiac disease?

    <p>It is a chronic autoimmune condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children under five experience wasting due to undernutrition?

    <p>52 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which body system is affected by decreased thyroid hormones due to undernutrition?

    <p>Endocrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of malabsorption syndrome?

    <p>Decreased nutrient absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with food intolerances?

    <p>Flatulence and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from excessive carbohydrate intake?

    <p>Weight gain and elevated blood glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a symptom of protein deficiency?

    <p>Heightened energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of iron deficiency as part of malnutrition?

    <p>Decreased cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological change may occur from protein excess in individuals with renal failure?

    <p>BUN and proteinuria monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutritional imbalances does not typically result in immediate adverse health effects?

    <p>Protein excess in normal kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sign may indicate a deficiency in essential fatty acids?

    <p>Sensitive skin with lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a widespread issue among adults regarding nutritional status?

    <p>High rates of overweight and obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excessive intake of calcium potentially lead to?

    <p>Hypercalcemia and renal calculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is stunting in children primarily associated with?

    <p>Insufficient iodine intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which population is most likely to experience failure to thrive (FTT)?

    <p>Undernourished children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Geriatric failure to thrive (GFTT) is characterized by which of the following?

    <p>Weight loss of more than 5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of undernutrition in adolescents and young adults?

    <p>Poor wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most directly caused by overnutrition?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of foods is considered the 'big 8' allergens?

    <p>Milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat, peanut, and tree nuts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of food allergies compared to food intolerances?

    <p>Food allergies can be life-threatening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common symptom of lactose intolerance?

    <p>Nausea and abdominal pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the global diet changed significantly since 1975?

    <p>Increased levels of refined sugar and grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does immunotherapy aim to achieve for individuals with food allergies?

    <p>Exposure to allergens to reach a state of tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the physical decline associated with undernutrition in older adults?

    <p>Restrictive diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following food items is NOT typically part of the 'big 8' allergens?

    <p>Almonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the condition where less than expected growth leads to weight below the 5th percentile?

    <p>Failure to thrive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary factor contributes to increased cardiovascular risks in children with diabetes?

    <p>Increased consumption of saturated fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutritional Alterations

    • Malnutrition encompasses both undernutrition and overnutrition, impacting physical and emotional well-being.
    • Undernutrition can cause learning disabilities, stunting, and increased infection risk in children.
    • Failure to thrive (FTT) in children is characterized by weight below the 5th percentile for their age and sex.
    • Geriatric failure to thrive (GFTT) involves a decline in older adults with weight loss exceeding 5%.
    • Overnutrition leads to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases due to excessive intake of refined foods, animal protein, and fats.
    • Obesity is linked to increased risk for hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and degenerative joint disease.
    • Food Allergies involve an immune system overreaction to specific food proteins.
    • Food Intolerances cause digestive difficulties due to the inability to digest specific foods.
    • The "big 8" food allergens include milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, wheat, peanut, and tree nuts.
    • Food allergy manifestations include hives, angioedema, rhinoconjunctivitis, asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, and anaphylaxis.
    • Food intolerance examples include lactose and gluten intolerance.
    • Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease requiring complete gluten avoidance.
    • Globally, malnutrition affects millions, with both obesity and undernutrition prevalent.
    • Undernutrition's multisystem effects include decreased thyroid hormones, decreased respiratory rate, decreased vital capacity, hepatomegaly, decreased bile production, intestinal atrophy, muscle wasting, decreased immune function, decreased cognition, brittle hair and nails, dysrhythmias, and amenorrhea.

    Nutritional Therapies

    • Food allergies are managed by avoiding the allergen, carrying an epinephrine autoinjector, and wearing a medical alert bracelet.
    • Food intolerances are addressed by avoiding the triggering food.
    • Carbohydrate excess requires education on weight management and appropriate exercise.
    • Carbohydrate deficiency requires education on appropriate carbohydrate intake and weight management.
    • Protein excess generally doesn't require intervention in people with normal kidney function.
    • Protein deficiency can lead to poor wound healing and tissue integrity.
    • Mineral excess can cause hypercalcemia and risk for renal calculi.
    • Mineral deficiencies can lead to osteoporosis.
    • Vitamin excess is rare, but overdosing on B vitamins or vitamin C can cause adverse effects.
    • Vitamin deficiencies can lead to a variety of health issues like scurvy, beriberi, pellagra, anemia, night blindness, rickets, and osteomalacia.

    Genetics and Nutrition

    • Genetically engineered crops like soybeans, maize, canola, rice, and potatoes have long-term health effects not fully understood.
    • Genetics play a role in lactose intolerance and hypercholesteremia.
    • Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics aim to personalize nutritional approaches based on individual genetic makeup.

    Risk factors

    • Modifiable risk factors include dietary choices that can influence cholesterol levels and heart health.
    • Nonmodifiable risk factors include food allergies, lactose intolerance, and age-related hormonal and metabolic changes contributing to obesity.

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    Description

    Explore the critical concepts of malnutrition, undernutrition, and overnutrition in this quiz. Understand the implications of nutritional imbalances on various age groups, including children and older adults. Test your knowledge on food allergies, intolerances, and their effects on health.

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