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Questions and Answers
Calcium deficiency can lead to Osteomalacia in adults and is associated with a rough hair coat.
False
Phosphorus plays a major role in phosphorylation and is the chief anion radical of the bones.
True
The presence of excessive magnesium in the body may increase calcium excretion.
True
Rickets is exclusively a result of phosphorus deficiency in young animals.
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Calcium is involved in nerve functions and muscle contraction, while phosphorus is primarily for blood coagulation.
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Excess sodium in the diet can cause staggering gait and blindness in animals.
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Copper is required for the synthesis of hemoglobin and bone formation.
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Hypokalemia is associated with low potassium levels leading to a condition characterized by muscle weakness and lethargy.
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Excess magnesium primarily leads to improved enzyme activity in the body.
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Increased levels of calcium can contribute to hyperirritability and convulsions in animals.
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Iron is essential for cellular respiration and is a component of hemoglobin.
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Zinc deficiency can lead to poor feather development and hyperkeratosis in chicks.
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Sulfur is primarily associated with muscle activity and electrolyte balance.
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Manganese deficiency can lead to impaired reproduction and skeletal issues such as shorter long bones.
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Chlorine is involved in the production of hydrochloric acid in digestion, influencing osmotic pressure.
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Study Notes
Calcium
- Essential for bone and tooth formation, blood coagulation, muscle contraction, nerve functions, cell permeability, and enzyme activation.
- Deficiency results in rickets in young individuals, osteomalacia in adults, and tetany.
- Impacts growth and bone development; thin-shelled eggs can occur.
- Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and deposition; excess phosphorus and magnesium can hinder calcium absorption and increase excretion.
Phosphorus
- Vital for bone and tooth formation, phosphorylation, acid-base balance, enzyme synthesis, and cellular energy.
- Deficiency leads to rickets, osteomalacia, rough hair coat, pica, and reduced appetite.
- Vitamin D plays a role in absorption and deposition; excess calcium and magnesium can decrease phosphorus absorption.
Magnesium
- Functions as an enzyme activator in the glycolytic system and is essential for bone formation.
- Deficiency symptoms include convulsions, loss of balance, anorexia, and excessive salivation.
- Excess magnesium can disrupt calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
Sodium
- Major extracellular fluid cation involved in osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and muscle function.
- Deficiency can lead to growth reduction, reproductive impairment, and salt craving.
- Excessive sodium leads to toxicity, causing staggering, blindness, and nervous disorders.
Chlorine
- Major anion involved in osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and is a component of hydrochloric acid for digestion.
- Deficiency can result in hydrochloric alkalosis.
Potassium
- Major intracellular fluid cation essential for osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, muscle activity, and electrolyte balance.
- Deficiency leads to hypokalemia, muscle weakness, lethargy, and heart lesions.
Sulfur
- Integral for amino acid synthesis and tissue respiration; key for protein synthesis in ruminants.
- Deficiency can cause low feed efficiency and slow wool growth.
Iron
- Critical for cellular respiration as part of hemoglobin and various enzymes.
- Deficiency results in hypochromic-microcytic anemia, thumps in pigs, and loss of appetite.
- Calcium-phosphorus ratio affects iron absorption; cooper and pyridoxine deficiencies impact its utilization.
Copper
- Serves as a cofactor for enzymes, crucial for hemoglobin synthesis and bone formation.
- Deficiency causes fading hair coat, lameness, joint swelling, and anemia.
- Excess molybdenum and zinc can inhibit copper utilization, with toxicity risks above 250 ppm.
Zinc
- Co-factor in multiple enzyme systems including peptidases and carbonic anhydrase.
- Deficiency symptoms include poor hair/feather development, rough skin, anorexia, and hyperkeratosis in chicks.
Manganese
- Activates enzymes important for metabolism, including fatty acids and cholesterol.
- Critical for bone formation, growth, and reproduction.
- Deficiency leads to poor growth, reproduction issues, and conditions like perosis in chickens.
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Description
This quiz will test your knowledge about different minerals, their sources, major functions, and the symptoms related to their deficiency. You'll learn about the interrelationships and toxicities of important minerals like calcium, and how they impact overall health.
