Nutrition Metabolism and Digestion Quiz

The process where the liver converts excess glucose into glycogen, which is stored for later use.

The breakdown of stored glycogen in the liver, releasing glucose into the bloodstream.

Used as building blocks for cellular structure and function.

A hormone released by the pancreas that increases glucose uptake by cells, promoting glycogen storage.

A hormone released by the pancreas when blood sugar levels drop, stimulating glycogenolysis.

The process of converting amino acids and triglycerides into alternative energy sources.

The first part of the small intestine, connecting the stomach to the jejunum.

The second part of the small intestine, responsible for a significant portion of nutrient absorption.

The third and longest part of the small intestine, responsible for absorbing remaining nutrients.

A double fold of peritoneal tissue that suspends the small and large intestines from the posterior abdominal wall.

The tail of the pancreas is located within the splenorenal ligament and close to the spleen's hilum.

The pancreas is divided into three parts: the neck, body, and tail.

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery, originating from the celiac trunk, and the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, arising from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), supply blood to the pancreas.

The pancreatic duct, running the length of the pancreas, joins the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla of Vater, which opens into the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla.

The sphincter of Oddi, a muscular valve surrounding the ampulla of Vater, controls the release of pancreatic juice and bile into the duodenum.

The exocrine pancreas produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

The liver receives 25% of the heart's output, has diverse enzymes and structure, and processes venous blood from the intestines.

Liver lobules are functional units of the liver containing hepatocytes (liver cells) arranged around a central vein, which drains into the hepatic vein and then the inferior vena cava.

The process by which ATP is produced using energy from the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration. This process involves the transfer of electrons through a series of carriers, releasing energy in small steps to power the production of ATP.

The tube that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus, responsible for the digestion and absorption of food.

Organs that assist with digestion but are not part of the alimentary canal. They contribute enzymes, bile, and other substances essential for breakdown and absorption of food.

The anterior part of the mouth, bounded by the lips, cheeks, and gum.

The roof of the mouth, composed of the hard palate (bony) and soft palate (muscular).

The muscular structure that forms the posterior part of the soft palate, hanging down at the back of the throat.

Located on either side of the tongue, these muscles help to manipulate the tongue, contributing to speech and swallowing.

Located within the tongue, these muscles change the shape and size of the tongue, assisting in speech and swallowing.

Also known as the parotid salivary gland, located beneath the cheekbone, produces a watery fluid called saliva containing salivary amylase, which helps break down starches.

The opening of the parotid duct in the mouth, located opposite the second upper molar tooth, where saliva is released from the parotid gland.

Located beneath the jaw, produces a mixed fluid containing both mucus and serous components, contributing the majority of saliva.

Located beneath the tongue, produces a mostly mucous secretion, helping lubricate and buffer the mouth.