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Questions and Answers
[Blank] are components of food and are necessary for our body.
[Blank] are components of food and are necessary for our body.
Nutrients
The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from simple substances is called ______.
The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from simple substances is called ______.
autotrophic
Animals and most other organisms take in food prepared by plants and are called ______.
Animals and most other organisms take in food prepared by plants and are called ______.
heterotrophs
[Blank] are the food factories of plants.
[Blank] are the food factories of plants.
Water and minerals are transported to the leaves by ______ which run like pipes throughout the root, the stem, the branches and the leaves.
Water and minerals are transported to the leaves by ______ which run like pipes throughout the root, the stem, the branches and the leaves.
The leaves have a green pigment called ______, which helps leaves to capture the energy of sunlight.
The leaves have a green pigment called ______, which helps leaves to capture the energy of sunlight.
Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called ______.
Since the synthesis of food occurs in the presence of sunlight, it is called ______.
[Blank] is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.
[Blank] is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms.
The bodies of living organisms are made of tiny units called ______.
The bodies of living organisms are made of tiny units called ______.
Most cells have a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called the ______.
Most cells have a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called the ______.
The nucleus is surrounded by a jelly-like substance called ______.
The nucleus is surrounded by a jelly-like substance called ______.
Through the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves, called ______, plants exchange gases with the atmosphere.
Through the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves, called ______, plants exchange gases with the atmosphere.
During photosynthesis, chlorophyll containing cells of leaves, in the presence of sunlight, use carbon dioxide and water to synthesise ______.
During photosynthesis, chlorophyll containing cells of leaves, in the presence of sunlight, use carbon dioxide and water to synthesise ______.
During the process of photosynthesis ______ is released.
During the process of photosynthesis ______ is released.
The presence of ______ in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis.
The presence of ______ in leaves indicates the occurrence of photosynthesis.
[Blank] are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are used to synthesise other components of food such as proteins and fats.
[Blank] are made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and are used to synthesise other components of food such as proteins and fats.
[Blank] are nitrogenous substances, so plants must absorb nitrogen from the soil.
[Blank] are nitrogenous substances, so plants must absorb nitrogen from the soil.
Plants cannot absorb nitrogen in gaseous form, so soil has certain bacteria that convert gaseous nitrogen into a usable form and release it into the soil; this bacteria is named ______.
Plants cannot absorb nitrogen in gaseous form, so soil has certain bacteria that convert gaseous nitrogen into a usable form and release it into the soil; this bacteria is named ______.
Plants that do not have chlorophyll use the ______ mode of nutrition and depend on the food produced by other plants.
Plants that do not have chlorophyll use the ______ mode of nutrition and depend on the food produced by other plants.
[Blank] is a plant that does not have chlorophyll; it takes readymade food from the plant on which it is climbing.
[Blank] is a plant that does not have chlorophyll; it takes readymade food from the plant on which it is climbing.
The plant on which Cuscuta climbs is called the ______.
The plant on which Cuscuta climbs is called the ______.
Insect-eating plants are called ______.
Insect-eating plants are called ______.
In insectivorous plant, the ______ of the leaf forms a lid which can open and close the mouth of the pitcher.
In insectivorous plant, the ______ of the leaf forms a lid which can open and close the mouth of the pitcher.
[Blank] nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients from dead and decaying matter.
[Blank] nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which organisms take in nutrients from dead and decaying matter.
Organisms with saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called ______.
Organisms with saprotrophic mode of nutrition are called ______.
[Blank] are the organisms that have a different mode of nutrition. They absorb the nutrients from the bread. They might be seen as fluffy patches on bread.
[Blank] are the organisms that have a different mode of nutrition. They absorb the nutrients from the bread. They might be seen as fluffy patches on bread.
Some organisms live together and share both shelter and nutrients. This relationship is called ______.
Some organisms live together and share both shelter and nutrients. This relationship is called ______.
In ______ a chlorophyll-containing partner, which is an alga, and a fungus live together.
In ______ a chlorophyll-containing partner, which is an alga, and a fungus live together.
The bacterium called ______ can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a usable form for plants.
The bacterium called ______ can take atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a usable form for plants.
[Blank] and manures contain nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, etc., which are used by farmers to enrich the soil.
[Blank] and manures contain nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, phosphorous, etc., which are used by farmers to enrich the soil.
The bacteria resides in the roots of leguminous leaves such as ______, peas, moong, beans and other, and provides them with nitrogen.
The bacteria resides in the roots of leguminous leaves such as ______, peas, moong, beans and other, and provides them with nitrogen.
The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary called as ______.
The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary called as ______.
Such plants are called as ______ since they depend on plants and other animals for food.
Such plants are called as ______ since they depend on plants and other animals for food.
Green plants are called ______ since they synthesise their own food.
Green plants are called ______ since they synthesise their own food.
The food synthesised by plants is stored as ______.
The food synthesised by plants is stored as ______.
In photosynthesis solar energy is absorbed by the pigment called ______.
In photosynthesis solar energy is absorbed by the pigment called ______.
During photosynthesis plants take in ______ gas and release ______ gas.
During photosynthesis plants take in ______ gas and release ______ gas.
The plant which traps and feeds on insects is ______.
The plant which traps and feeds on insects is ______.
The pores through which leaves exchange gases is called ______.
The pores through which leaves exchange gases is called ______.
[Blank] is a type of plant which obtains its nutrition from dead and decaying matter.
[Blank] is a type of plant which obtains its nutrition from dead and decaying matter.
Flashcards
What are Nutrients?
What are Nutrients?
Components of food, like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, essential for our body.
What is Autotrophic Nutrition?
What is Autotrophic Nutrition?
The mode of nutrition where organisms make their own food from simple susbtances.
What are Autotrophs?
What are Autotrophs?
Organisms that make their own food through autotrophic nutrition.
What are Heterotrophs?
What are Heterotrophs?
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What is the Cell Membrane?
What is the Cell Membrane?
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What is the Nucleus?
What is the Nucleus?
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What is Cytoplasm?
What is Cytoplasm?
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What are Stomata?
What are Stomata?
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What is Chlorophyll?
What is Chlorophyll?
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What is Photosynthesis?
What is Photosynthesis?
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What are Vessels (in plants)?
What are Vessels (in plants)?
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What is the Sun?
What is the Sun?
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What is Algae?
What is Algae?
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Synthesis of Carbohydrates
Synthesis of Carbohydrates
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What are Parasites?
What are Parasites?
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What is Cuscuta (Amarbel)?
What is Cuscuta (Amarbel)?
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What is a Host (Plant)?
What is a Host (Plant)?
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What are Insectivorous Plants?
What are Insectivorous Plants?
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What is Saprotrophic Nutrition?
What is Saprotrophic Nutrition?
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What are Saprotrophs?
What are Saprotrophs?
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What is Symbiosis?
What is Symbiosis?
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What are Lichens?
What are Lichens?
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What is Rhizobium?
What is Rhizobium?
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Study Notes
- Food is essential for all living organisms
- Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals are components of food
- Nutrients are components of food necessary for the body
- All living organisms require food
- Plants can create their own food
- Animals, including humans, cannot create their own food
- Animals get food from plants or other animals
- Humans and animals are directly or indirectly dependent on plants
Modes of Nutrition
- Plants are the only organisms to prepare food for themselves using water, carbon dioxide, and minerals
- Raw materials are present in the surroundings of plants
- Nutrients enable living organisms to build, grow, and repair bodies and provide energy
- Nutrition is the process of an organism taking and using food
- Autotrophic nutrition involves organisms making food from simple substances (auto = self; trophos = nourishment)
- Plants are called autotrophs because of autotrophic nutrition
- Heterotrophic nutrition is when organisms take in food prepared by plants (heteros = other)
- Animals are called heterotrophs because of heterotrophic nutrition
Photosynthesis
- Leaves are the food factories of plants
- Raw materials must reach the leaf
- Water and minerals are absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves
- Carbon dioxide from air enters through tiny pores on the surface of leaves
- Stomata are pores surrounded by guard cells
- Water and minerals are transported to the leaves through vessels
Cells
- Cells are tiny units that make up the bodies of living organisms
- Cells can only be seen under a microscope
- Some organisms are made of only one cell
- The cell membrane encloses the cell
- The nucleus is a spherical structure located in the center of most cells
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance surrounding the nucleus
Chlorophyll and the Process
- Chlorophyll is a green pigment in leaves that helps capture sunlight energy
- Photosynthesis is the process where energy is used to synthesise food from carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of sunlight (Photo: light; synthesis: to combine)
- Chlorophyll, sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water are necessary for photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is a unique process, the sun is the ultimate source of energy for all living organisms
- No photosynthesis means no food or oxygen, survival of almost all living things relies on photosynthesis Photosynthesis can also occur in other green parts of the plant like green stems and branches
- Desert plants possess scale- or spine-like leaves to reduce water loss by transpiration, the green stems of these plants carry out photosynthesis
- In photosynthesis, chlorophyll-containing cells use carbon dioxide and water to synthesise carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight
- Oxygen is released during photosynthesis, and the presence of starch indicates its occurrence; starch is a carbohydrate
Other Nutrition Types
- Plants with leaves other than green also perform photosynthesis
- Algae contains chlorophyll and can also prepare their own food by photosynthesis
- Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen make up carbohydrates, which are used to synthesise proteins and fats
- Nitrogenous substances such as proteins contain nitrogen
- Plants cannot absorb nitrogen in its gaseous form from the air
- Bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen into a usable form, which plants absorb, farmers add fertilizers rich in nitrogen to the soil
- Through this plants can synthesise proteins and vitamins
- Some plants do not have chlorophyll and cannot prepare food
- They depend on the food produced by other plants and use heterotrophic nutrition
- Cuscuta (Amarbel) is a plant that lacks chlorophyll and takes ready-made food from the plant it climbs (the host)
Insectivorous Plants
- Insectivorous plants can trap insects to digest them
- The pitcher-like structure is a modified leaf, the apex of the leaf forming a lid
- Hairs point downwards inside the pitcher
- When an insect lands, the lid closes, trapping the insect and digestive juices digest and absorb the nutrients
- Fungi are organisms with a different mode of nutrition
- Saprotrophic nutrition is absorbing nutrients from dead and decaying matter
- Saprotrophs contain saprotrophic mode of nutrition
- Fungi grow on various articles in hot and humid weather
- Fungal spores in the air land on wet, warm things, germinate, and grow
Symbiosis
- Organisms which live together and share shelter and nutrients participate in symbiosis
- Fungi live inside the roots of plants; the plants provide nutrients, and the fungi provide water and nutrients in return
- Lichens involve a chlorophyll-containing alga and a fungus living together and provide shelter, water, and minerals while the alga provides food
Soil Replenishment
- Farmers and gardeners spread manure or fertilisers to replenish nutrients
- Plants absorb minerals and nutrients from the soil, depleting the amount of nutrition available in the soil
- Fertilisers and manures contain nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous
- Usually crop plants absorb quite a lot of nitrogen and the soil becomes nitrogen deficient
- Rhizobium is a bacterium that converts atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble form plants can use
- Rhizobium lives in the roots of legumes, providing them with nitrogen and obtaining food and shelter in return (symbiotic relationship)
- Through this farmers can reduce the use of nitrogenous fertiliser where leguminous plants are grown
- Animals are categorised as heterotrophs since they depend on plants and other animals for food
- Insectivorous plants are partial heterotrophs
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Description
Learn the basics of plant nutrition. Understand autotrophic and heterotrophic modes. Explore how plants create their own food using simple substances, while animals depend on plants or other animals.
