Nutrition in Health: Chapter 12

Questions and Answers

Choose the minerals that are classified as trace minerals

Copper (correct)

Iron (correct)

Selenium (correct)

Zinc (correct)

________ is a necessary trace mineral for oxygen delivery and immune function.

Iron

Match the term with its best definition

Heme iron = Iron found in meat that is efficiently absorbed Nonheme iron = Iron that is not absorbed efficiently; found in meat, vegetables, grains, supplements, and fortified or enriched foods

What happens when the body has adequate iron stores?

The absorptive cells of the small intestine make ferritin which blocks iron absorption. Signup and view all the answers

What is the RDA for iron in women under the age of 50?

18 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals are trace minerals?

Manganese Signup and view all the answers

If an individual ate primarily locally produced foods, which location would have the least likelihood of developing goiter?

San Diego, CA Signup and view all the answers

Choose the functions of iron

Wound healing Signup and view all the answers

Thyroid hormone controls the rate of ____ metabolism.

Cellular Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of heme iron?

Meat Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are good dietary sources of iodine?

Milk Signup and view all the answers

________ is the major storage form of iron that also helps regulate iron absorption.

Ferritin Signup and view all the answers

Soy products, turnips, and broccoli all contain compounds that

Reduce thyroid production Signup and view all the answers

The male RDA for iron is _ and the female (between 19 and 20 years of age) RDA for iron is _.

8 mg/day; 18 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups has marginally adequate intakes of iodine?

Young American women Signup and view all the answers

_________ is an enlargement of the thyroid gland as a result of an iodine deficiency.

Goiter Signup and view all the answers

In what country was zinc deficiency first discovered?

Iran Signup and view all the answers

Select the primary function of iodine.

Thyroid hormone synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are functions of zinc?

Cofactor for hundreds of enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the best food source for iodine?

Iodized salt, 1/2 tsp Signup and view all the answers

Zinc is readily found in which of the following foods?

Baked beans Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following foods contain goitrogens?

Brussels sprouts Signup and view all the answers

What is the adult RDA for iodide?

150 mcg/day Signup and view all the answers

The UL for zinc is _____ mg per day.

40 Signup and view all the answers

Zinc deficiencies were first observed in diets high in unleavened bread. The food group they were most likely to lack that contributed to the zinc deficiency was

Meat Signup and view all the answers

Zinc is necessary for which of the following?

Wound healing Signup and view all the answers

Recall that selenium is a component of several

Enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Select rich food sources of zinc

Beef roast Signup and view all the answers

Fluoride is not considered an essential nutrient because

It does not sustain life Signup and view all the answers

Select food sources of selenium that could be consumed by a vegan

Brazil nuts Signup and view all the answers

Exceeding the UL for zinc may result in

Diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

The UL for selenium is ________ ug/day.

400 Signup and view all the answers

Selenium functions within the body as a component of several proteins referred to as ______.

Selenoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Conclusive evidence suggests that selenium, an antioxidant, has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of cancer.

False Signup and view all the answers

Select the food source that provides the most selenium per serving.

Tuna, 3 oz Signup and view all the answers

Exceeding the daily UL for selenium can lead to toxicity, known as _______.

Selenosis Signup and view all the answers

_________ can remineralize the tooth surface and prevent cavities.

Fluoride Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Trace Minerals Overview

Trace minerals include zinc, iron, selenium, and copper.

Iron Functions and Sources

Essential for oxygen delivery and immune function.
Heme iron (found in meat) is efficiently absorbed; nonheme iron (found in plants, grains, and supplements) is not efficiently absorbed.
Adequate iron stores prompt the small intestine to produce ferritin, which inhibits further iron absorption.
RDA:
- Women under 50: 18 mg/day
- Men: 8 mg/day

Dietary Sources of Iron

Main sources of heme iron: Meat.
Iron-rich foods also include baked beans and roast beef.

Iodine and Thyroid Health

Good sources of iodine: Seaweed, milk, saltwater fish.
Iodine is vital for thyroid hormone synthesis; deficiency leads to goiter (enlargement of the thyroid).
Young American women may have marginal iodine intake.

Zinc and Its Functions

Functions as a cofactor for numerous enzymes and is crucial for DNA synthesis and wound healing.
Dietary sources include baked beans, roast beef, and oysters.
Zinc deficiency linked to low meat consumption, prevalent in diets high in unleavened breads.

Selenium in Health

A component of enzymes known as selenoproteins.
Rich vegan sources include Brazil nuts and baked beans.
Antioxidant properties of selenium may reduce cancer risk, but conclusive evidence is lacking.

Fluoride and Dental Health

Fluoride contributes to remineralizing tooth surfaces to prevent cavities.
It is not classified as an essential nutrient since it does not support growth or sustain life.

Miscellaneous

UL for zinc: 40 mg/day; exceeding this may lead to decreased HDL cholesterol, immune dysfunction, and gastrointestinal issues.
UL for selenium: 400 µg/day; excess intake can result in selenosis, a toxic condition.
Primary sources of selenium include tuna (high per serving).

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Description

Test your knowledge of trace minerals essential for health with this quiz based on Chapter 12 of Nutrition in Health. It covers key minerals such as zinc, iron, selenium, and copper. Engage with definitions and their roles in bodily functions to enhance your understanding.