Nutrition in Animals Chapter 1 Quiz

Components of Food

• The three components of food are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Modes of Feeding

• Bees and hummingbirds feed on nectar, a type of carbohydrate.
• Infants of humans and many other animals feed on milk, a type of liquid food.

Ways of Taking Food into the Body

• Swallowing whole prey, as seen in some animals.
• Ingesting nectar, as seen in bees and hummingbirds.
• Sucking milk, as seen in infants of humans and many other animals.

Nutrition in Humans

• Complex substances like carbohydrates cannot be utilized as such in the body because they need to be broken down into simpler molecules.
• The main steps of nutrition in humans are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion.
• The digestion of protein starts in the stomach in humans.

Digestion in Ruminants

• Ruminants like cows, buffaloes, and deer digest their food in a four-chambered stomach, with the first chamber called the rumen.
• They swallow food quickly and store it in the rumen, a process called rumination.

Digestion in Amoeba

• Amoeba ingests its food through a process called phagocytosis, where the cell membrane engulfs the food particle.

Digestion in the Small Intestine

• The components that complete the digestion of all food components in the small intestine are enzymes and other digestive juices.

Absorption of Water and Salts

• Water and some salts are absorbed from the undigested food in the large intestine.

Diarrhoea

• Diarrhoea is a condition where an individual experiences the need to pass watery stool frequently.
• For a person suffering from diarrhoea, it is recommended to consume electrolyte-rich fluids like ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) before consulting a doctor.
• The excessive loss of water and salts from the body due to diarrhoea can be managed by consuming electrolyte-rich fluids.

Cellulose

• Cellulose is a type of carbohydrate that is abundant in grass and is difficult for humans to digest.

Rumination

• Rumination is a process that involves the return of partially digested food to the mouth in small lumps for further chewing, as seen in ruminants like cows and deer.