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Questions and Answers
Which enzymatic process begins the chemical digestion of proteins?
What constitutes an individual's nitrogen equilibrium?
What is a possible state when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen output?
During the digestion of proteins, what must be present for cell repair to occur?
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What condition may result from a negative nitrogen balance?
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What initiates mechanical digestion of proteins?
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How much dietary protein corresponds to one gram of nitrogen?
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Which scenario does not indicate a positive nitrogen balance?
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What maximum amount of sodium is allowed for a package to be labeled as very low sodium?
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Which of the following must be true if a package claims to be high in fruits and vegetables?
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How long must elapse after eating meat before consuming dairy products according to dietary laws?
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Which of the following describes food customs?
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What is the primary focus of food patterns?
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What action is prescribed after eating fish according to dietary customs?
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What is stated about cooking during the Sabbath?
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Which of the following statements about dietary laws is accurate?
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Which of the following dietary restrictions is specific to Seventh-Day Adventists?
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Which nutrients must Lacto-ovo vegetarians focus on to ensure adequate intake?
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What is a common dietary practice among Muslims during Ramadan?
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What type of vegetarian avoids all animal foods including dairy and eggs?
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What substances do Mormons prohibit in their diet?
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In Zen Macrobiotic diets, what is the progression of food consumption?
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Which dietary classification do most Hindus belong to?
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What is the significance of the ratio 5:1 in Hindu dietary practices?
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What is the major source of energy according to the summary?
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What is a direct result of consuming a meal rich in certain carbohydrates?
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Which of the following is NOT a principal source of carbohydrates?
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What is the calorie content provided by one gram of carbohydrates?
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Which of the following types of carbohydrates can lead to digestive disturbances if consumed excessively?
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In which part of the digestive system does the digestion of carbohydrates begin?
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What is the primary cause of primary nutrient deficiency?
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Which of the following does NOT describe the composition of carbohydrates?
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Which nutrient deficiency is responsible for the condition known as Rickets in children?
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What effect can consuming too many carbohydrates have on dental health?
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Which nutrient is classified as a nonessential nutrient?
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Which disease is characterized by bone porosity and brittleness?
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What physiological condition is described as the need for food?
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Which term defines a condition caused by a thyroid gland enlargement due to iodine deficiency?
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What defines a balanced diet?
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Which nutrient deficiency is indicated by nighttime vision issues?
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The term malnutrition refers to a condition resulting from what?
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What is the psychological desire for food called?
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Study Notes
Nutrition & Diet Therapy Concepts
- Nutrition is the study of nutrients and their role in growth, maintenance, and health.
- Food provides the body with fuel for all processes.
- Nutrients are essential components of food needed for growth, reproduction, and overall health.
- Essential Nutrients cannot be produced by the body and must be obtained through diet.
- Nonessential Nutrients can be made by the body.
- Health is defined as a state of complete wellbeing, encompassing physical, social, and mental aspects.
- Malnutrition occurs when the body lacks sufficient nutrients, leading to inadequate growth, development, and overall health.
- Nutrient Deficiency arises when the body lacks one or more nutrients for an extended period.
- Balanced Diet includes all six essential nutrient classes in appropriate amounts to maintain and enhance good health.
Food Intake Factors
- Hunger is the physiological need for food, while Appetite is the psychological desire for food influenced by pleasant memories.
Nutrient Classification
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Organic Nutrients are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen:
- Carbohydrates: Provide energy and are least expensive and most abundant.
- Fats: Provide energy and are important for various body functions.
- Proteins: Build and repair body tissues and provide energy (last resort).
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Inorganic Nutrients are not composed of carbon:
- Vitamins: Regulate body processes.
- Minerals: Regulate body processes.
- Water: Regulate body processes.
Nutrient Deficiency & Diseases
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Primary Deficiency: Due to inadequate dietary intake.
- Rickets: Poor bone formation in children caused by insufficient calcium and vitamin D.
- Osteomalacia: Soft bones in adults due to calcium and vitamin D deficiency.
- Osteoporosis: Porous and brittle bones resulting from calcium deficiency.
- Secondary Deficiency: Caused by conditions outside dietary intake like malabsorption or excretion.
Specific Deficiency Diseases
- Goiter: Enlarged thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency.
- Night Blindness: Lack of vitamin A.
Dietary Guidelines
- Provide scientific-based advice for promoting health and reducing disease risk through diet and physical activity.
Protein Basics
- Composed of amino acids:
- Essential Amino Acids: 9 cannot be synthesized by the body and need dietary intake.
- Nonessential Amino Acids: 11 can be synthesized by the body.
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Nitrogen Balance: Represents the difference between nitrogen intake and output.
- Positive Nitrogen Balance: Intake exceeds output (during growth or recovery).
- Negative Nitrogen Balance: Intake is less than output (during illness or malnutrition).
Digestion and Absorption of Protein
- Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth, with teeth breaking down food.
- Chemical digestion begins in the stomach, with hydrochloric acid and pepsin breaking down protein.
- All essential amino acids must be present for building and repairing cells.
Foods and Dietary Practices
- Food Customs: Food habits specific to a region or country.
- Dietary Laws: Rules often based on religious beliefs related to food practices.
- Comfort Foods: Familiar foods from childhood.
Dietary Patterns - Various Cultural Practices
-
Seventh-Day Adventist:
- Often lacto-ovo vegetarians (consume milk products and eggs).
- May restrict meat, poultry, and fish on certain days.
- Emphasize plants, nuts, legumes, and meat analogues.
-
Mormon (Latter-Day Saints):
- Prohibit coffee, tea, and alcoholic beverages.
- Encourage healthy eating habits.
-
Islamic:
- Halal meat (slaughtered according to specific laws) is allowed, while pork and alcohol are prohibited.
- Fast during daylight hours during Ramadan.
-
Hindu:
- Most Hindus are vegetarian, believing all life is sacred.
Macrobiotic Diets
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Zen Macrobiotics: A strict diet system with 10 progressively restrictive levels.
- Gradually eliminates specific food groups, ending with brown rice as the primary food.
- Emphasizes organic foods and a Yin/Yang food balance.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of nutrition and diet therapy. This quiz covers topics such as nutrients, balanced diets, malnutrition, and the factors that influence food intake. Understand the importance of each nutrient for maintaining health and wellbeing.
