Nutrition Chapter on Lipid Digestion

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What is the primary reason for conducting blood sampling on an empty stomach?

To minimize the interaction with chylomicrons

To increase triglyceride levels

To avoid protein interference in the results

To ensure accurate analysis of blood components (correct)

What occurs to chylomicrons after they deliver triglycerides to cells?

They are converted into glucose for energy

They are stored in the liver without change

They undergo hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (correct)

They are reabsorbed into the bloodstream unchanged

Which condition is NOT a cause of lipid malabsorption?

Excessive carbohydrate intake (correct)

Celiac disease

Pancreatic insufficiency

Bile duct obstruction

What happens to monoglycerides and fatty acids after their release from triglycerides in chylomicrons?

They diffuse into cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding chylomicrons?

They deliver absorbed triglycerides to the body's cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of bile salts in lipid digestion?

They emulsify lipids, increasing the effectiveness of hydrolases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about mixed micelles is true?

They are formed in the intestinal lumen and aid in the absorption of lipids. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to fatty acids and 2-monoacylglycerols in enterocytes?

They are converted to chylomicrons and entered into the lymphatic system. Signup and view all the answers

How are long-chain fatty acids absorbed in the intestinal lumen?

They form mixed micelles and are then absorbed by endocytosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is crucial for the activation of fatty acids before they form triacylglycerols?

Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase Signup and view all the answers

What is the major composition of dietary fats?

Triacylglycerol Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid class serves as a transport form of cholesterol in blood plasma?

Cholesteryl esters Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of dietary lipids in the body?

Storage of energy Signup and view all the answers

Which lipase is secreted by the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Lingual lipase Signup and view all the answers

What aids in the digestion of lipids by breaking fat globules into smaller droplets?

Emulsification Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is known to primarily function at an optimum pH of around 4.0 to 4.5?

Lingual lipase Signup and view all the answers

Which fatty acids are absorbed directly from the stomach wall?

Short chain fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

What role do cholesteryl esters play in the body?

Function as storage for excess cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the major apolipoprotein associated with chylomicrons as they leave the intestinal cells?

Apo B-48 Signup and view all the answers

How do nascent chylomicrons enter the blood after being secreted by intestinal epithelial cells?

Via the thoracic duct Signup and view all the answers

What transformation occurs to nascent chylomicrons as they accept proteins from HDL?

They turn into mature chylomicrons Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes alimentary hyperlipemia observed after a lipid-rich meal?

Increase in serum turbidity Signup and view all the answers

How long after a high-fat meal do nascent chylomicrons begin to enter the bloodstream?

1 to 2 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the hydrophobic nucleus of chylomicrons?

Ethers of cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the blood typically 10 to 12 hours after eating fatty foods?

Reduction of chylomicron levels to normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of chylomicrons' presence in the blood for biochemical studies?

Interference with serum analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding bile salts?

Bile salts are synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice?

Protein-rich content in the duodenum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of cholecystokinin?

Stimulates the contraction of the gall bladder. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of pancreatic juice is responsible for digesting triglycerides?

Pancreatic lipase Signup and view all the answers

During the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol, what is the first stage processed by lipase?

Splitting into 2-MAG and fatty acids. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of lipid digestion involves the isomerization of 2-monoacylglycerol?

Second stage Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of triacylglycerol is completely hydrolyzed during lipid digestion?

Approximately 25% Signup and view all the answers

What role does secretin play in the digestive process?

Stimulates the secretion of HCO3- rich fluids in pancreatic juice. Signup and view all the answers