Nutrition Chapter 3 Flashcards

Hunger is a physiologic sensation that prompts us to eat, while appetite is a psychological desire to consume specific foods.

A region of the brain below the thalamus and cerebral hemispheres and above the pituitary gland and brain stem where visceral sensations such as hunger and thirst are regulated.

By integrating signals from nerve cells throughout the body, as well as from messages carried by hormones.

<p>Foods high in fiber, protein, and water have high satiety value; for example, high-fat meals have higher satiety than high-carbohydrate meals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process by which foods are broken down into their component molecules, either mechanically or chemically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physiologic process by which molecules of food are taken from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A long, muscular tube consisting of several organs; the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food enters the GIT, shreds foods, and salivary amylase begins to break down carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Propulsion; swallowing and peristalsis moving food from mouth to stomach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mixes food with gastric juice into chyme, pepsin begins digestion of proteins, lipase begins to break down lipids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Segmentation mixes chyme with digestive juice, peristalsis moves it through the GI tract, and digestive enzymes digest most nutrients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some remaining food residues are digested by bacteria, reabsorbs salt, water, and vitamins, compacting waste to send to rectum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce saliva (water, mucus, and enzymes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces bile to digest fats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores bile before release into the small intestine through bile duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate, which are released into the small intestine via the pancreatic duct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acidic liquid secreted within the stomach; it contains hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and other compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keeps the stomach interior very acidic and starts to denature proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To keep the stomach itself from being eroded and prevent gastritis and ulcers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>About 1 gallon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores undigested mass leaving the small intestine and absorbs any remaining nutrients and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They finish digestion of some of the nutrients in food residues, synthesize certain vitamins, and reduce the risk for diarrhea.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endocrine glands of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsifies lipids in the small intestine and is produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestive enzymes including pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase, and proteases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutralizes acidic chyme in the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of bile and processing of nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>System of blood vessels that drains blood and various products of digestion from the digestive organs and spleen and delivers them to the liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Finger-like projections that increase surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most nutrients and waste products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver via the portal venous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foods rich in fibers, starches, and sugars, such as beans, dairy products, and some vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left untreated, it can cause serious health problems, including bleeding and ulceration of the esophagus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, overweight, pregnancy, and eating large high-fat meals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A food intolerance is gastrointestinal discomfort that is not a result of an immune system reaction, while an allergy is an immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The protein gluten found in wheat, rye, and barley.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Five servings of fruits and vegetables each day and six or more servings of whole grains.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Avoid caffeinated drinks, chocolate, alcohol, dairy products, and large meals.</p> Signup and view all the answers