Nutrition and Reproductive Health

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Questions and Answers

What type of fats are linked to improved fertility in both men and women?

Unsaturated fats (correct)

Hydrogenated fats

Saturated fats

Trans fats

What is a potential consequence of inadequate nutrition during pregnancy?

Reduced risk of preterm births

Enhanced maternal immunity

Increased risk of low birth weight (correct)

Improved fetal development

What is a normal physiological change during pregnancy?

Decreased maternal organ size

Increased blood pressure throughout pregnancy

Enhanced maternal immunity

Blood volume expansion and hemo-dilution (correct)

What is a risk factor for pelvic abnormalities?

Vitamin D deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of obesity during pregnancy?

Hormonal imbalances and infertility Signup and view all the answers

What is a nutritional objective during pregnancy and lactation?

Reduce anemia among low-income pregnant women Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a history of poor dieting and anorexia nervosa?

Poor reserves of many nutrients Signup and view all the answers

During pregnancy, which of the following physiological changes occur?

Increased risk of UTI Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of proteins during pregnancy?

Growth and development of the fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of calcium during pregnancy?

300 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of iron during pregnancy?

Expansion of maternal tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of Vitamin C during pregnancy?

60 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of protein during pregnancy?

0.6-0.8 kg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of calcium intake during pregnancy?

Reduced risk of hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of iron for pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia?

60 mg/day Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of placental hormones during pregnancy?

Support of physiological changes of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of inadequate iron intake during pregnancy?

Blood loss during delivery Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutritional Factors Affecting Reproductive Health

A diet rich in unsaturated fats, whole grains, fish, and vegetables is linked to improved fertility in both men and women.
A diet high in saturated fats and refined sugars is linked to poorer fertility.
Vitamin D deficiency and rickets can cause pelvic abnormalities.
A history of poor dieting and anorexia nervosa can result in poor nutrient reserves.

Objectives of Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Reduce anemia among low-income pregnant women.
Reduce infant mortality.
Reduce the incidence of spina bifida and other neural tube defects.
Reduce Low Birth Weight (LBW).
Reduce Preterm births.
Reduce Fetal alcohol syndrome.
Achieve proper weight gain during pregnancy.

Normal Changes in Maternal Physiology During Pregnancy

Blood Changes

Blood volume expansion (hemo-dilution).
Changes in blood lipid levels.

Maternal Organ and Tissue Changes

Maternal organ and tissue enlargement.

Cardiovascular Changes

Decreased blood pressure (BP) in the 1st half of pregnancy.
Return to non-pregnancy levels in the 2nd half of pregnancy.

Immune System Changes

Suppressed immunity during pregnancy.

Physiological Changes During Pregnancy

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) increases during pregnancy
Sodium is conserved, and nutrient spillage into urine occurs, with protein being conserved
Risk of Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) increases
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) increases in the 2nd half of pregnancy
Cardiac output and heart rate increase
Insulin resistance and blood glucose levels increase

Functions of Proteins During Pregnancy

Growth and development of the fetus
Development of the placenta
Enlargement of maternal tissues
Increased maternal blood volume
Formation of amniotic fluid
Protein reserves prepare the mother for labor, delivery, and lactation
Recommended daily protein intake is 0.6-0.8/kg + 14-25g/day

Functions of Calcium During Pregnancy

Growth and development of fetal bones and teeth
Decreases the risk of hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and low birth weights
Maintains bone strength
Enables proper muscle contraction
Essential for blood clotting
Recommended daily intake is 300 mg/day

Functions of Iron During Pregnancy

Expansion of maternal tissues, including red blood cell mass
Maintains additional iron content of placenta
Builds iron stores in fetal liver
Compensates for blood loss during delivery
Recommended daily intake is 30-45 mg/day, or 60 mg/day for women with iron deficiency anemia

Functions of Vitamin C During Pregnancy

Increases iron absorption
Essential for fetal growth
Recommended daily intake is 60 mg/day
Deficiency increases the risk of preterm delivery

Functions of Vitamin D During Pregnancy

Essential for fetal bone formation
Recommended daily intake is 5 μg/day
Excess amounts can lead to severe infant hypercalcemia and calcification of soft tissue
Deficiency causes birth defects and small for gestational age infants

Functions of Vitamin A During Pregnancy

Essential for fetal growth and development
Protects the fetus from immune system problems, blindness, infections, and death
Recommended daily intake is 600 μg/day retinol
Excess doses (> 10,000 IU) can lead to "Retinoic Acid Syndrome"

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Description

Learn how a balanced diet rich in unsaturated fats, whole grains, and vegetables can improve fertility, while a diet high in saturated fats and refined sugars can lead to poorer fertility. Discover the impact of nutrition on reproductive health.