36 Questions
What is the definition of overweight?
BMI greater or equal to 25
What is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
Abdominal obesity
What is a cause of overweight and obesity?
Biology
What is the significance of waist-to-hip ratio?
It is an indicator of abdominal obesity
What is a health concern among Emirati women in 2017?
Overweight and obesity
What is a complication of abdominal obesity?
Cardiovascular disease
What is a parameter used to assess overweight and obesity?
All of the above
What is a hormonal imbalance that can contribute to overweight and obesity?
Hypothyroidism
What percentage of body weight reduction is recommended for weight loss?
10%
Why is weight loss contraindicated in pregnant females?
To ensure proper fetal development
What is the primary focus for children in weight loss?
Nutrition
What percentage of overweight individuals can maintain a 10% body weight loss through lifestyle modification for at least 1 year?
20%
What is a major factor contributing to the increased consumption of calories?
Increased availability of calorie dense foods
What type of diet yields an energy deficit and results in weight loss?
Any diet that yields an energy deficit
Which of the following is a health risk associated with obesity?
Gastroesophageal reflux
What is a risk associated with very low-calorie diets?
Fluid and electrolyte loss
What is a characteristic of a sedentary lifestyle?
Less physical labor and lack of exercise
Why is careful evaluation necessary for older adults in weight loss?
To prevent malnutrition
Which of the following medications can increase appetite or reduce metabolic rate?
Antidepressants
What should not be encouraged in children for weight loss?
Strict dieting
What is a consequence of food insecurity and poverty?
Intake of low-cost, high-fat foods
Which of the following is NOT a cause of overweight and obesity?
Regular exercise and physical activity
What is a characteristic of a diet with low carbohydrate intake?
Often high fat
What is a potential risk of a very low fat diet?
High triglycerides
What type of nutrient intake is associated with muscle loss?
Inadequate
What is a goal of diet treatment options for weight loss?
Reduce high fat and high calorie foods
What is a type of bariatric surgery?
Roux-en-Y
What is a risk of bariatric surgery?
Operative mortality
What is the percentage of adult obesity in the UAE according to the National Health Survey in 2019?
27.8%
What is the recommended percentage of weight loss for medical and nutritional interventions?
5% to 10%
What is the primary basis for a personalized approach to obesity treatment?
Assessment of physical, medical, nutritional, and motivation factors
Which of the following is NOT a parameter for physical assessment in obesity treatment?
Blood pressure
What is the primary goal of weight management in obesity treatment?
Behaviors and health outcomes
Which of the following population groups requires specific recommendations for weight loss?
All of the above
What is the benefit of surgical intervention in obesity treatment compared to diet and exercise?
Greater percentage of weight loss
What is the significance of measuring BMI in obesity treatment?
It is used as a basis for personalized approach and customized advice
Study Notes
Overweight and Obesity
- Overweight and obesity is the accumulation of excess body fat, defined by a BMI ≥ 25.
- Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is defined by waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio.
- Waist-to-hip ratio is a measure of abdominal obesity.
Causes of Overweight and Obesity
- Biological factors:
- Metabolic disorders (e.g. hypothyroid disease)
- Hormones that affect appetite and satiety
- Environmental factors:
- Increased consumption of calories and decreased energy expenditure
- Calorie-dense foods
- Increased portions
- Technological and sedentary lifestyle factors:
- Decreased energy expenditure
- Less physical labor and lack of exercise
- Food insecurity and poverty:
- Intake of low-cost, high-fat foods
- Medication:
- Some medications increase appetite or reduce metabolic rate (e.g. antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anticonvulsants, and corticosteroids)
Health Risks of Obesity
- Infertility
- Congenital abnormality
- Certain cancers
- Degenerative joint disease
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Kidney stones
- Gallstones
- Fatty liver disease
Obesity in UAE
- Adult obesity in the UAE stands at 27.8% (2019)
- Nearly 70% of Emirati male adults under 30 are obese (2019)
Medical and Nutritional Interventions
- Weight loss is recommended (5-10% reduction)
- Surgical intervention results in greater weight loss than diet and exercise
- Assessment is a basis for personalized approach and customized advice
- Measurement of BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio
Treatment Options
- Weight management goals:
- Behaviors and health outcomes (short and long term)
- Addressing barriers to weight loss
- Reasonable and achievable goals
- A reduction of 10% of body weight is recommended
- Lifestyle modifications:
- Diet
- Physical activity
- Behavior modification
- Population-specific recommendations:
- Children: not suitable for strict diets, need lifestyle modification
- Pregnant females: weight loss is contraindicated
- Older adults: careful evaluation is necessary due to risk of malnutrition
Diet and Lifestyle Modifications
- Low-calorie diets:
- Range from near starvation to merely subtracting 500-1000 calories from one's baseline daily energy needs
- Risks: fluid and electrolyte loss, inadequate nutrient intake, muscle loss
- Nutrient-altered diets:
- Low-carbohydrate diets: risk of ketosis, often high in fat
- Moderate fat, moderate to high carbohydrate diets: generally balanced
- Low-fat or very low-fat diets: high in carbohydrates, may lead to high triglycerides
Surgical Interventions
- Bariatric surgery:
- Types: restrictive (gastric banding, adjustable banding), restrictive/malabsorptive (Roux-en-Y, biliopancreatic diversion)
- Risks: operative mortality
This quiz covers the importance of adequate nutrient intake, avoiding unhealthy food choices, and adopting healthy eating habits. Learn about the consequences of inadequate nutrition and how to make informed decisions about your diet.
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