Questions and Answers
The Adequate Intake (AI) for dietary fiber is ______ for men and _____ for women.
38 for men, 25 for women
Why is yogurt tolerated better than milk by many with lactose intolerance?
bacteria in yogurt breaks down the lactose
What hormone is responsible for raising blood glucose when levels decrease between meals?
glucagon
What is Sally at risk for based on her description?
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Where is Jake getting the glucose required to meet his energy needs when he is hungry?
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Which of the following is a sugar alcohol?
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Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate.
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Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate?
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Which of the following is likely to be the most significant source of fiber in a cereal bar?
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Which hormone works to lower blood glucose?
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What is the most common source of added sugars in the American diet?
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What is glucose?
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What are carbohydrates composed of?
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What are soluble fibers?
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What differentiates complex carbohydrates from simple carbohydrates?
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Sugar causes hyperactivity in children.
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Dietary fiber cannot be digested in the human digestive tract.
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Which foods naturally contain insoluble fibers that increase the bulk of digestive material?
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The acute condition of diverticulitis often requires a low fiber diet until the lining of the colon heals.
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Disaccharides like sucrose do not need to be further broken down before being absorbed.
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Fiber is not digested by the human digestive tract.
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It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells.
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What form of digested carbohydrates does the body absorb?
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Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine.
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Which ingredients are non-nutritive, alternative sweeteners?
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In addition to whole grains, what is a good source of dietary fiber?
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One of the monosaccharides is _____.
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What is an advantage of eating a high-fiber diet?
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After polysaccharides are broken down into monosaccharides and disaccharides and are absorbed, they are converted into glucose in the _____
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What percentage of an individual's total daily energy intake should come from carbohydrates?
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Type 2 diabetes is characterized by __________.
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What feature of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) contributes to the solidity of lard?
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Study Notes
Dietary Fiber
- Adequate Intake (AI) for dietary fiber is 38 grams for men and 25 grams for women.
Lactose Intolerance
- Yogurt is better tolerated than milk because the bacteria in yogurt breaks down lactose.
Hormones and Blood Glucose
- Glucagon raises blood glucose levels when they decrease between meals.
- Insulin works to lower blood glucose levels.
Health Risks
- Overweight individuals, like a 54-year-old woman with a 39-inch waist and sedentary lifestyle, are at high risk for type 2 diabetes.
Energy Sources
- When food hasn't been consumed for about 5 hours, the body uses glucose from liver glycogen to meet energy needs.
Carbohydrates and Sources
- Sugar alcohol includes xylitol.
- Carbohydrates include fructose, starch, and high fructose corn syrup.
- Foods can contain multiple types of carbohydrates.
- Rolled oats are likely the most significant source of fiber in a cereal bar.
Sugar Misconceptions
- The most common source of added sugars in the American diet is sweetened soft drinks.
- Sugar does not cause hyperactivity in children.
Fiber Characteristics
- Dietary fiber cannot be digested in the human digestive tract.
- Soluble fibers dissolve in water and form a gel, while insoluble fibers increase bulk and draw water into the large intestine.
Digestive Health
- Acute diverticulitis may require a low-fiber diet for healing.
- Disaccharides like sucrose must be broken down before absorption.
- The body absorbs carbohydrates in the form of monosaccharides.
Absorption Facts
- Glucose is absorbed primarily through the lining of the small intestine.
- It takes less than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrates to be fully processed in the body.
Food Labels and Sweeteners
- Non-nutritive, alternative sweeteners include sucralose and monk fruit, alongside regular sugar.
Additional Fiber Sources
- Nuts and seeds are good sources of dietary fiber along with whole grains.
Monosaccharides
- Fructose is a common monosaccharide.
Dietary Advantages
- A high-fiber diet can help normalize blood sugar levels.
Carbohydrate Metabolism
- After digestion, polysaccharides are converted into glucose in the liver.
Energy Intake Guidelines
- Recommended intake of carbohydrates should constitute 45-65% of total daily energy consumption.
Type 2 Diabetes
- Characterized by inadequate glucose levels in the bloodstream.
Saturated Fatty Acids
- Saturated fatty acids contribute to the solidity of fats like lard.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential nutritional concepts including dietary fiber, lactose intolerance, and the role of hormones on blood glucose levels. This quiz covers health risks associated with diet and examines sources of carbohydrates and sugars. Discover how these elements impact overall health and wellness.
