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Questions and Answers
Which organ is responsible for the first digestion of food?
What is the first stage of the nutrition process in humans?
How many permanent teeth do humans typically have?
What is the primary function of incisors?
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What types of teeth are responsible for crushing and grinding food?
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Which of the following is not a stage of the nutrition process?
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At what age do wisdom teeth usually appear?
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What is the role of salivary glands in the digestive system?
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What is the total number of temporary teeth a child has, including incisors, canines, and premolars?
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How are food particles moved through the oesophagus?
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What happens when bacteria act on food particles trapped between teeth?
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Which part of the tooth is the hardest substance in the body?
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Which type of teeth are responsible for tearing food?
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In which part of the pharynx does only air pass through?
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Which type of molars are located at the back of the jaw used for crushing and grinding food?
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What is the role of the tongue in the mouth cavity?
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What structure connects the pharynx to the stomach, allowing food to pass through?
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What type of tooth does not exist in adults but is present in children?
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Study Notes
Nutrition
- The process of obtaining and utilizing food by organisms
- Occurs in five stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion
Digestive System
- Consists of the alimentary canal and digestive glands
-
Alimentary Canal: a long tube-like structure running from mouth to anus, including:
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine
- Rectum
- Anus
Mouth
- The first part of the alimentary canal
- Where food is ingested
- Initial digestion begins in the mouth cavity
Digestive Glands
- Essential for the digestive process
- Include:
- Salivary glands
- Liver
- Pancreas
Teeth
- Responsible for mechanical digestion
- Two sets of teeth:
-
Milk Teeth (Deciduous):
- Appear between 6-7 months of age
- 20 in number
- Fall out
-
Permanent Teeth:
- Replace milk teeth
- Last for the rest of life
-
Milk Teeth (Deciduous):
Types of Teeth
| Type of Tooth | Function | Number in Each Jaw | Total in Both Jaws |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incisors | Biting/Cutting | 4 | 8 |
| Canines | Tearing | 2 | 4 |
| Premolars | Crushing/Grinding | 4 | 8 |
| Molars | Crushing/Grinding | 6 | 12 |
| Total | ** ** | 16 | 32 |
Wisdom Teeth
- Last molars that appear between 17 and 20 years of age
- May not appear in some individuals
- Their absence is not a sign of lack of intelligence
Teeth
-
Types of Teeth: Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars make up the four main types of teeth.
- Incisors: Located at the front of the jaw, flat and straight with sharp edges, used for biting and cutting food. There are 4 in each jaw.
- Canines: Located on either side of the incisors, sharp and pointed, used for tearing food. There are 2 in each jaw.
- Premolars: Located next to canines, specialize in crushing and grinding food. There are 4 in each jaw, 2 on each side.
- Molars: Located behind the premolars, used for crushing and grinding food. There are 6 in each jaw, 3 on each side.
-
Adult Teeth: Adults typically have 32 teeth:
- 8 incisors
- 4 canines
- 8 premolars
- 12 molars
-
Temporary Teeth: Children have 20 temporary teeth:
- 8 incisors
- 4 canines
- 8 premolars
-
Tooth Structure:
- Crown: The visible, upper part.
- Root: The lower part embedded in the jawbone.
- The crown is covered with enamel, the hardest substance in the body.
- Beneath the enamel is dentine, which makes up the bulk of the tooth.
- Beneath the dentine is a pulp cavity containing nerves and blood vessels.
Tongue
- Function: The tongue is a thick, muscular organ in the mouth cavity.
- Structure: Covered with a mucous membrane that keeps it moist. Contains taste buds for discerning flavors.
- Role in Digestion: Helps move food around the mouth.
Pharynx
- Location: Located between the mouth cavity and the esophagus.
- Function: The pharynx is a common passage for food and air.
-
Structure: A wide muscular tube divided into three parts: upper, middle, and lower.
- Upper: Only air passes through.
- Middle: Both air and food pass through.
- Lower: Only food passes through.
Oesophagus (Gullet)
- Location: Tube-like structure about 25 cm long, extending from the pharynx to the stomach.
- Function: Its primary role is to transport food to the stomach by a series of muscular contractions.
Tooth Decay (Dental Caries)
- Cause: Food particles trapped between teeth are acted upon by bacteria, producing acids that damage the teeth.
- Mechanism: Saliva, food, and bacteria combine within half an hour of eating to form plaque; bacteria in plaque cause infection and inflammation.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of nutrition and the digestive system. It includes the five stages of nutrition, the components of the alimentary canal, and the role of digestive glands and teeth in digestion. Test your knowledge on how food is processed in the human body!
