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Questions and Answers
What is the science of food and nutrients and their role in the body?
What is the science of food and nutrients and their role in the body?
Nutrition
What are the two main classifications of nutrients?
What are the two main classifications of nutrients?
Macronutrients and Micronutrients
What is one of the general functions of nutrients?
What is one of the general functions of nutrients?
Nutrition is only concerned with the absence of disease.
Nutrition is only concerned with the absence of disease.
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What is meant by 'nutritional status'?
What is meant by 'nutritional status'?
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What are considered the basic nutrients?
What are considered the basic nutrients?
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Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?
Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates?
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What is the effect of long-term malnutrition?
What is the effect of long-term malnutrition?
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What are the two classifications of vitamins?
What are the two classifications of vitamins?
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Malnutrition can be classified as poor nutrition, indicating either nutritional deficiency or _____
Malnutrition can be classified as poor nutrition, indicating either nutritional deficiency or _____
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What role do minerals serve in the body?
What role do minerals serve in the body?
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Study Notes
Nutrition Overview
- Nutrition is the science of food and nutrients, focusing on their roles in maintaining homeostasis.
- Nutritional balance is crucial for health maintenance, disease prevention, growth, and optimal bodily function.
Functions of Nutrition
- Disease prevention and food adaptation to meet nutritional needs.
- Raising awareness regarding specific nutritional requirements for diseases.
Food Qualities
- Must be safe, nourishing, palatable, and varied within socio-economic contexts.
- Should provide satiety and be free from toxins.
Nutrients
- Defined as chemical components essential for health.
- Serve three main functions:
- Energy provision
- Tissue building and repair
- Regulation of life processes
Health Definition
- Complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just absence of disease (WHO, 1948).
Dietitian Role
- A professional trained to assess nutritional status and recommend appropriate diet therapy.
Nutritional Status (Nutriture)
- Refers to the body's condition based on the utilization of essential nutrients.
Nutritional Categories
- Optimum Nutrition: Adequate nutrient supply efficiently utilized.
- Malnutrition: Poor nutrition leading to deficiencies or excesses.
Basic Nutrients
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
Carbohydrates (CHO)
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen sources of instant energy.
- Classified by complexity:
- Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)
- Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose)
- Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, fiber)
Functions of Carbohydrates
- Provide 4 kilocalories of energy, sparing protein.
- Assist in fat metabolism and intestinal function (fiber).
Protein Overview
- Complex compounds made of amino acids.
- 22 common amino acids: 10 essential, 12 non-essential.
- Complimentary proteins combine to form complete proteins.
Functions of Proteins
- Structural roles (building and repairing tissues).
- Energy supply (4 kcal per gram).
- Regulate physiological processes.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition
- Kwashiorkor: Symptoms include dry hair, moon face, and fatty liver.
- Marasmus: Symptoms include thin muscle, lack of edema.
Fats and Lipids
- Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, categorized into visible and invisible fats.
- Types of triglycerides: saturated fats (SFA) and unsaturated fats (HDL).
Functions of Fats
- Concentrated energy source (9 kcal per gram).
- Store energy, protect organs, carry fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
Vitamins
- Originated from "vitamine," essential for life and biochemical reactions.
- Classified into water-soluble (e.g., B vitamins, vitamin C) and fat-soluble (e.g., vitamins A, D, E, K).
Vitamin Deficiencies
- Avitaminosis: Vitamin deficiency.
- Hypervitaminosis: Vitamin toxicity.
Minerals Overview
- Inorganic chemical elements, crucial as structural components and in vital processes.
- Major minerals: Calcium, Chloride, Magnesium, Potassium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Sulfur.
- Trace minerals required in smaller quantities.
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Description
This quiz covers the foundational concepts in nutrition and diet therapy, focusing on key terminology and classification of nutrients. Learners will explore the importance and functions of nutrients in the body. Test your understanding of macronutrients and micronutrients in this introductory module.
