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Questions and Answers
What type of drug-drug interaction occurs when two or more drugs with opposing effects may reduce the response to one or both drugs?
When two or more drugs with similar effect are given, what type of effect leads to an excessive response and toxicity?
Which of the following is an example of an additive effect?
In drug-nutrient interactions, what is the impact when a drug is taken together with food?
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A change in a drug’s effect to the body when taken together with food or vice-versa is known as:
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Which type of effect occurs when the effect of one drug is greater than usual when taken along with some other drugs?
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What happens in antagonistic effects between drugs?
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Which of the following conditions can prescription and over-the-counter drugs induce as a result of long-term use?
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Study Notes
Nutrient-Drug Interactions
- Nutrient-drug interactions can significantly affect medication efficacy, potentially preventing the drug from working properly.
- Side effects of medications can be exacerbated or alleviated due to nutritional factors.
- These interactions can alter patient reactions to medications, increasing the risk of toxic reactions or affecting nutritional status.
Impact of Drug Interactions
- Such interactions may decrease appetite and lead to nausea.
- Certain medications (e.g., opiate pain relievers, blood pressure drugs, some antibiotics) can hinder nutrient absorption and slow nutrient production.
Types of Nutrient Absorption Reduction
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Chelation Reactions: Occur when drugs bind to minerals, making them less absorbable.
- Tetracyclines and ciprofloxacin bind to calcium in dairy products, affecting absorption.
- Iron, magnesium, and zinc may also have chelation effects.
- Recommendations: Take mineral supplements 2 to 6 hours after antibiotics.
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Adsorption: Drugs bind to nutrients, preventing their absorption in the body.
- Cholestyramine can adsorb fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, leading to deficiencies with long-term use.
- Advice: Supplementation with these vitamins is recommended during prolonged use of cholestyramine.
Summary of Drug-Nutrient Interactions
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Antihypertensive Drugs:
- Diuretics can impact calcium, magnesium, potassium, and thiamin levels.
- Risk factors: Age, women, heart failure, low magnesium intake, and long-term drug use contribute to nutrient shortages.
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Hypercholesterolemics:
- Statins and other cholesterol drugs can impact coenzyme Q10, vitamin D, and B12 levels.
- Factors influencing these effects include age and intensity of use.
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Corticosteroids:
- These drugs may reduce calcium, vitamin D, and chromium levels, while increasing sodium and decreasing potassium.
- Risks include low calcium intake and conditions like COPD that can exacerbate nutrient deficiencies.
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Antidepressants:
- SSRIs may increase folate levels but decrease calcium and vitamin D availability.
- Risk factors include low folate intake and genetic predispositions affecting metabolism.
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Warfarin and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors:
- Interactions with vitamin K and protein can affect the effectiveness of warfarin therapy, impacting the international normalized ratio (INR), which measures the blood's clotting tendency.
General Recommendations
- Regular monitoring of nutrient levels is important for patients on specific high-risk medications.
- Supplementation strategies should be tailored based on medications being taken, underlying health conditions, and individual dietary needs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on how nutrient-drug interactions can impact medication effectiveness, side effects, patient reactions, and risk of toxic reactions. Learn about how these interactions can change a patient's nutritional status, appetite, and cause nausea.
