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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Nutraceutical' combine?
What does the term 'Nutraceutical' combine?
Who is credited with coining the term 'Nutraceutical'?
Who is credited with coining the term 'Nutraceutical'?
According to the Dietary Supplement, Health, and Education Act (DSHEA), which of the following is NOT a dietary ingredient?
According to the Dietary Supplement, Health, and Education Act (DSHEA), which of the following is NOT a dietary ingredient?
What is NOT a claimed benefit of Nutraceuticals?
What is NOT a claimed benefit of Nutraceuticals?
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How does the regular consumption of synthetic drugs potentially affect health?
How does the regular consumption of synthetic drugs potentially affect health?
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Which classification does NOT belong to Nutraceuticals?
Which classification does NOT belong to Nutraceuticals?
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What is a common source for Nutraceuticals?
What is a common source for Nutraceuticals?
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What role does dietary change play concerning chronic diseases, according to epidemiological studies?
What role does dietary change play concerning chronic diseases, according to epidemiological studies?
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Which carotenoid is known for its role in reducing prostate cancer?
Which carotenoid is known for its role in reducing prostate cancer?
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What type of fiber is found in wheat bran and is known to help reduce breast and colon cancer risk?
What type of fiber is found in wheat bran and is known to help reduce breast and colon cancer risk?
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Which fruit and vegetable group is rich in luteine, contributing to healthy vision?
Which fruit and vegetable group is rich in luteine, contributing to healthy vision?
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What is the main constituent found in garlic that has medicinal properties?
What is the main constituent found in garlic that has medicinal properties?
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Which nutrient source is associated with reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Which nutrient source is associated with reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
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Which carotenoid is particularly effective in neutralizing free radicals?
Which carotenoid is particularly effective in neutralizing free radicals?
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What health benefit is primarily associated with the consumption of eggs?
What health benefit is primarily associated with the consumption of eggs?
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Which of the following vegetables are particularly known for containing luteine?
Which of the following vegetables are particularly known for containing luteine?
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What was a primary focus of the early developments of functional foods?
What was a primary focus of the early developments of functional foods?
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Which bacteria are most commonly studied in the field of probiotics?
Which bacteria are most commonly studied in the field of probiotics?
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What has been identified as a challenge for developing probiotic products?
What has been identified as a challenge for developing probiotic products?
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What technology has been explored to enhance the stability of probiotics in food products?
What technology has been explored to enhance the stability of probiotics in food products?
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Which of the following markets has NOT been mentioned as a key sector for launching functional food products?
Which of the following markets has NOT been mentioned as a key sector for launching functional food products?
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What is the main benefit of consuming probiotics in adequate numbers?
What is the main benefit of consuming probiotics in adequate numbers?
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What trend has emerged in recent developments of functional foods?
What trend has emerged in recent developments of functional foods?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of probiotics?
Which of the following is a characteristic of probiotics?
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Which phytochemical is known for its ability to lower cholesterol and has anti-cancer properties?
Which phytochemical is known for its ability to lower cholesterol and has anti-cancer properties?
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What is the primary food source that contains flavones, which are known to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
What is the primary food source that contains flavones, which are known to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
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Which substance is associated with improving gastrointestinal (GI) health?
Which substance is associated with improving gastrointestinal (GI) health?
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Which class of compounds is represented by daidzein and zenistein, known for reducing menopause symptoms?
Which class of compounds is represented by daidzein and zenistein, known for reducing menopause symptoms?
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What is a key benefit associated with the intake of lignans found in flax and rye?
What is a key benefit associated with the intake of lignans found in flax and rye?
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Which of the following is a food high in catechins?
Which of the following is a food high in catechins?
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Which dietary component is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics?
Which dietary component is a combination of probiotics and prebiotics?
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Which of the following is a source of flavonone?
Which of the following is a source of flavonone?
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Which nutraceutical is commonly associated with treating enlarged prostate?
Which nutraceutical is commonly associated with treating enlarged prostate?
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What is the incidence of nutraceutical use for neck, back, or joint pain?
What is the incidence of nutraceutical use for neck, back, or joint pain?
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Which of the following nutraceuticals is used to manage memory loss?
Which of the following nutraceuticals is used to manage memory loss?
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Identify the medical condition with the highest percentage of nutraceutical use.
Identify the medical condition with the highest percentage of nutraceutical use.
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What is a common nutraceutical for treating degenerative eye conditions?
What is a common nutraceutical for treating degenerative eye conditions?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a use for nutraceuticals?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a use for nutraceuticals?
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Which nutraceutical is indicated for treating insomnia?
Which nutraceutical is indicated for treating insomnia?
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What percentage of nutraceutical use is reported for perimenopause?
What percentage of nutraceutical use is reported for perimenopause?
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Which nutraceutical is primarily associated with respiratory health and cancer prevention?
Which nutraceutical is primarily associated with respiratory health and cancer prevention?
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Which nutrient is derived from fish and shellfish, and is noted for eye health?
Which nutrient is derived from fish and shellfish, and is noted for eye health?
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What is the main health benefit associated with Soy isoflavones?
What is the main health benefit associated with Soy isoflavones?
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Which of the following extracts is noted for its benefits related to cardiovascular and oral health?
Which of the following extracts is noted for its benefits related to cardiovascular and oral health?
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Which nutraceutical is specifically linked to weight management and sport enhancement?
Which nutraceutical is specifically linked to weight management and sport enhancement?
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Which nutrient is derived from the Oenothera biennis plant and is associated with skin and joint health?
Which nutrient is derived from the Oenothera biennis plant and is associated with skin and joint health?
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What primary health benefits are expected to see high growth rates in nutraceutical usage?
What primary health benefits are expected to see high growth rates in nutraceutical usage?
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Which nutrient acts as an antioxidant and has benefits for cardiovascular and skin health?
Which nutrient acts as an antioxidant and has benefits for cardiovascular and skin health?
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Which of the following is primarily linked to mental health benefits?
Which of the following is primarily linked to mental health benefits?
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Which nutraceutical is derived from tomatoes and is linked to respiratory health?
Which nutraceutical is derived from tomatoes and is linked to respiratory health?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Nutraceuticals
- Nutraceuticals are substances derived from food sources with added health benefits beyond basic nutrition
- Hippocrates stated, "Let food be thy medicine"
- Coined in 1989 by Stephen De Felice, MD as a combination of "nutrition" and "pharmaceutical"
- Important for health promotion and disease risk reduction
- Nutraceuticals encompass nutrients, herbs, phytochemicals, and dietary supplements.
Types of Nutraceuticals
-
Nutrients:
- Vitamins (Vitamin A, D, E, K, water-soluble B vitamins)
- Minerals (Calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, others)
-
Herbals/Phytochemicals:
- Herbs and botanical products (Aloe vera, evening primrose oil, garlic, ginger, ginseng, green tea)
- Specific phytochemicals with health benefits (carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.)
Dietary Supplements
- Products intended to supplement the diet, derived from one or more dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids. Often concentrates, metabolites, extracts, or combinations
- Prebiotics: non-digestible food ingredients, like inulin, that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.
- Probiotics: live microorganisms, like lactobacillus species, that improve intestinal microbial balance
- Omega-3 fatty acids: present in fish oils, important for preventing cholesterol formation and other health improvements.
- Antioxidants: counteract harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) helping cellular metabolism. Example: vitamin C, E.
Nutraceutical Formulations
- Various forms available (capsules, tablets, softgels, liquids, chewable, fast-dissolving strips) with controlled-release formulations being used, enabling precise medication over time.
Major Nutraceuticals
- Glucosamine: joint health
- Chondroitin: joint health
- Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): multiple health benefits.
- Melatonin: sleep, cardiovascular health
- Carnitine: sport enhancement, cardiovascular and bone health
- Acetyl-L-carnitine: mental health, sport enhancement
- Octacosanol/policosanol: cardiovascular health
Manufacture and Analysis
- Natural products, often derived from plants and animals
- Some are endogenous human metabolites, while others are naturally present but insufficiently present
- May be produced via chemical synthesis or fermentation (e.g., coenzyme Q10, SAMe)
- N-3 fatty acids are usually available as mixtures, including supradietary levels
Consumer Acceptance
- Sociocultural characteristics impact consumer choice of functional food
- Key factors are taste, health claims, and product quality and trust.
- High price might limit the uptake of some products
Functional Foods
- Foods containing ingredients for further physiological or health benefits rather than solely nutritional ones
- Defined in Japan (1998), concerning "Foods for Specified Health Use"
- Functional foods can include fortified foods with vitamins, minerals, or other beneficial compounds.
Functional Drinks
- Non-alcoholic drinks fortified with vitamins or other ingredients such as omega-3 fatty acids
- May help with cholesterol management, bone health, or eye health
Functional Cereals
- Cereals (oat, barley) that can act as fermentable substrates for beneficial bacteria and sources of non-digestible carbs
- Can be used for encapsulation materials to improve probiotic stability
- Often involve special enhancements or different properties aiming for health or other specific improvements
Functional Eggs
- Interest in enriched eggs, often with omega-3 fatty acids, important fat solubles and antioxidants
Bakery Products
- Bakery products can deliver functional foods, providing a suitable food matrix
- Offering quality, appearance, taste, and texture important for consumer acceptability examples: Blue Band
Spreads
- Cholesterol-lowering spreads gaining relevance, containing certain active ingredients like phytosterol esters for regulating cholesterol levels
- Low-cholesterol spreads available, such as using betacyclodextrin
Important Notes
- Many surveys have investigated consumer use and preferences toward nutraceuticals
- Regulations on labeling and health claims vary worldwide
- Several considerations factor into consumer acceptance of nutraceuticals and functional foods.
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Description
Test your knowledge on nutraceuticals and their impact on health. This quiz covers definitions, benefits, regulations, and sources of nutraceuticals. Challenge yourself to see how well you understand this important field of health and nutrition.
